【作者】 王红菊；

【导师】 郑名；

【作者基本信息】 西北师范大学 ， 学前教育学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 公平自古以来就是人类美好的向往。随着我国政治、经济和社会的不断发展，以及人们观念的更新，社会公平已经日益走出政治辩论的圆桌和学者的书斋，成为人们普遍关心、社会高度关注的现实问题。教育公平是社会公平问题在教育领域的延伸，是公平价值观念在教育领域的体现。因为教育能够显著改善人的生存状态，促进人口素质的提高以及国民经济和整个社会的可持续发展，进而促进社会公平的实现，所以被视为“实现人类平等的伟大工具”。教育公平不仅仅意味着入学机会的均等，还应包括教育过程的公平，每个孩子都应该被纳入到教育过程中，有权利享受到高质量的教育。本研究采取整体抽样的方法，在兰州市随机抽取了三所幼儿园中的三个班级，将这三个班级的幼儿教师和幼儿作为研究对象，采用观察、访谈等研究方法，对幼儿园教育过程中的教育公平问题进行了分析和探讨。本文分为四个部分：第一部分介绍了研究背景、公平、教育公平的含义以及相关研究现状。第二部分从幼儿园活动室里的座位编排、教学活动中的提问和互动、知识分配、非正式评价、常规、教师的情感态度等六个方面呈现了幼儿园教育过程中的不公平现象。第三部分从客观和主观方面分析了幼儿园教育过程中出现不公平现象的原因：即班级规模、传统的课堂教学模式、以及部分教师教育思想观念出现的偏差、教育技能偏低、教师法律意识淡薄、教师有不同程度的职业倦怠等因素进行了分析。第四部分针对上述原因提出了一些建议和对策：1．缩小班级规模，实现合理的师幼比；2．打破传统教学模式，尝试将集体教育活动与区角活动有机结合；3．加强幼儿园管理，确保幼儿园教育过程趋于公平；4．教师应该改变教育观念、加强师德修养，提高自身素质；5．教师应调整自身的角色定位，在教育过程中确立民主、公平的氛围，建立和谐的师幼关系；6．大力加强幼儿教育的法制化建设，教师应该不断提高法律意识、增强法制观念，保障幼儿受教育权利的公平实现。更多还原

【Abstract】 Human beings yearn for the equity down the ages. With the development of politics, economy and society in China, as well as the renewal of human beings’ thoughts, social equity has become a true problem which attracts the attention of society and people instead of a debating topic at the round-table conference of politics and in the study of scholars. Educational equity is the outreach of social equity in educational field, which also embodies the concept of value about equity. Education is the great tool for the realization of the equality of men and social equity because education plays an important role in strikingly bettering the survival of human beings, together with promoting the quality of population and the sustainable development of national economy and the whole society. Educational equity not only means the equal opportunity of receiving education, but also includes the equity during the whole educational process. Every child should receive high-quality education in the educational process.The present research adopts the approach of integrated sampling and grabs randomly three classes from three kindergartens. Taken the teachers and children of these three classes as the subjects, the researcher analyzes and probes into the educational equity of preschool education in kindergarten. Observation and interview are employed in this study.This thesis consists of four parts. The research background and the definition of equity and educational equity as well as the related research situation are introduced in the first part. The second part describes the unfair phenomenon in the pre-school educational process from six aspects: the arrangement of seats in the playroom of kindergarten; questions-raising in teaching activity; mutual promotion; knowledge distribution; informal evaluation; common practice; and the emotion and attitude of the teachers. The reasons for such phenomenon are analyzed objectively and subjectively in third part, that is to say, the scale of class and the traditional mode of classroom teaching. In addition, other indispensable factors are the deviation of educational thoughts and concepts; low educational skills; less legal consciousness and the vocation tiredness of few teachers. The fourth part put forward some suggestions and strategies to the above-mentioned reasons. They are just as follows: (1) To shrink the scale of class, thus to have a reasonable proportion of teachers and children; (2) To change the traditional teaching mode and attempt the combination of collective educational activity and areal activity; (3) To strengthen the management of kindergarten so as to ensure the equity in preschool education.(4) In terms of the teachers, they should change their educational concepts and strengthen the moral training in order to improve their quality; (5)The teachers should have an adequate position-setting and develop an democratic and equitable atmosphere in educational process. Therefore a kind of harmonious teacher-children relationship could be established; (6) To strongly approve the legal construction in preschool education. The teachers should consistently raise their legal awareness and broaden their legal knowledge to guarantee the realization of educational equity of preschool education in kindergarten.更多还原