【作者】 刘会丽；

【导师】 张百良； 徐桂转；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 农业生物环境与能源工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 生物柴油，即脂肪酸甲酯，是以动植物油为原料生产的可再生绿色能源。目前生物柴油的工业化生产均采用化学法，这种方法存在醇必须大大过量、能耗高、产物难于回收和废碱液污染环境等缺点，并且对原料的要求高，导致生产成本过高。为此，酶法生产生物柴油在国内外受到广泛关注，酶法生产生物柴油具有反应条件温和、醇用量小、产物易分离和无污染排放等优点。目前国内酶法相关的研究主要集中在精制豆油方面，而对其它丰富的植物油尚未触及。因此，本文选取菜籽油、桐油为原料对Novo435酶催化制取生物柴油酯交换反应条件进行了较为系统的研究，目的是确定Novo435酯交换反应的最佳条件，通过产率的提高初步降低生产成本。首先进行单因素试验，然后用响应面法进行优化，深入研究了酶的用量、醇量、反应温度、转速、反应时间和水分等对酯交换反应的影响；同时也对甲醇的加入方式和批次对酯交换反应的影响进行了初步研究。试验得出菜籽油适宜反应条件为酶用量10％(与油脂的质量比)、醇油摩尔比1.5：1、反应温度52℃、转速200r／min，在此条件下，反应10h时油脂的酯交换率达到48％(理论为50％)；甲醇分三批加入，分别在反应初期、进行到10h、26h依次加入1.5、0.75、0.75的醇油摩尔比，反应36h时酯交换率达到95％以上，连续反应400h，酶活性基本没有下降。桐油适宜反应条件为酶用量14％(与油脂的质量比)，醇油摩尔比为2.2：1，反应温度43℃，时间为18h，转速200rpm，在此条件下，反应18h时油脂的酯交换率达到68％(理论为73.3％)；甲醇分两批加入，分别在反应初期、进行到18h依次加入2.2、0.8醇油摩尔比，反应36h时酯交换率达到85％以上，连续反应5批，酶效略有下降；每次反应后采用丙酮清洗酶，酶效下降较前者小。两种原料均不适合加入水分。试验表明Novo435酶可有效催化菜籽油和桐油制取生物柴油，菜籽油催化效果优于桐油，优化条件较好，值得进一步研究和利用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Biodiesel, fatty acid alkyl ester, is made from renewable bioenergy such as vegetable oils and animal fats. Although conventional chemical technology using alkaline catalysts has been applied to the industrial production of biodiesel fuel, there are several drawbacks to this approach, including excessive methanol, high energy consumption, difficulties in the recovery of products, environmental pollution caused by lye exclusion, strict requests for material and so on, and all of them reduce exorbitant cost. Compared with those, the enzymatic transesterification of biodiesel attracts widely attention because of circumventing these problems and lots of advantages, such as mild reaction conditions, low dosage of alcohol, easy recovery of products and no waste production and so on. Presently, the domestic studies about the enzymatic transesterification mainly concentrate on the soybean oil so far reported, and other rich feedstock still doesn’t touch. Based on this context, the transesterification conditions from rapeseed oil and tung oil by the immobilized lipase Novo435 were studied in this paper, aimed to find the optimum reaction condition and preliminarily decrease the production of biodiesel. The effects of influences in the reaction such as the amount of catalyst, the molar ratio of methanol to oil, temperature, the rate of rotation, time and the water content were investigated respectively by single factor and then response surface methodology in detail, moreover, the preliminary studies of the adding way of methanol and reaction batch on lipase were made. The results show that the optimal reaction conditions of rapeseed oil are the rotation rate 200rpm, the molar ratio of methanol to oil 1.5:1,the reaction temperature 50℃ and 10% lipase amount(based on oil weight), by which the transesterification degree can reach 48%(theoretic 50% convention rate of oil) after 10h. Water addition is not favorable for the reaction. A three-step transesterication will be available: 1.5, 0.75 and 0.75 molar equivalent of methanol was successively added at reaction time of 0, 10, 26h, by which the transesterication degree could reach up to 95%, and after continuous reaction of 400h there are not apparent decrease of the lipase effect. Meanwhile, the optimal reaction conditions of tung oil are the rotation rate 200rpm, the molar ratio of methanol to oil 2.2:1 ,the reaction temperature 43 ℃ and 14% lipase更多还原