【作者】 刘炳池；

【导师】 蒋旭光； 池涌；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 工程热物理， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 我国是一个发展中国家，随着经济的迅速发展，危险废物的产生量越来越大。它们来源分布广泛，且种类繁多、性质复杂。危险废弃物的处理问题至关重要、亟待解决。 以热解、焚烧为代表的热化学处理技术是我国危险废物管理办法中推荐的技术，它能有效的破坏其危险性，达到减量化、无害化、资源化的目的，成为倍受关注的热点技术。但是，目前国内对工业危险废弃物热处置特性还缺乏深入的了解，对研究不同种类的热处置特性的方法还不是很成熟，这对各种热解焚烧炉设计和运行都是不利的。 本文探索了应用两种较新的分析技术（化学热力学平衡模拟、TG—FTIR联用分析手段）来对危险废物的热处置特性进行研究。对染料残渣为代表的几种典型的危险废弃物在热处置过程中的气态产物特性、污染物排放特性等方面进行分析。在国内首先以化学热力学平衡方法，采用商用软件FactSage对典型危险废弃物的热解、气化、焚烧产物，及其脱除污染物效果进行预测分析；在国内率先用热重一红外联用手段对危险废物在热天平中的失重主要气态产物进行实时跟踪，探索了一条快速有效分析危险废物热解焚烧特性方法；重点研究了CO₂、H₂O、CO、CH₄、SO₂、NOx、HCN、CH₃OH等气态产物及污染物的组成及浓度随着热处置温度、时间、气氛条件等工况参数变化的影响。以期能对实际工业危险废物热处理装置的设计和运行提供参考。 对一种典型的较难处理的液态危险废弃物——含酸废焦油进行中和后焚烧方案可行性研究前期工作，利用管试焚烧炉和小型流化床焚烧炉对中间产物废焦石渣在不同床温、不同粒度等条件下，进行焚烧实验研究，重点关注测试焚烧烟气中二次污染物的排放情况，比较排放标准，为此类危险废弃物热处置工程工艺开发做出有益的参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of our country’s economy, the yield of hazardous waste is increasing faster and faster. Because of its broad sources, various species and complex characters, the problem of hazardous waste disposal becomes much more signifiable and it needs to be solved urgently.As a recommendatory technology of our country’s hazardous wastes administration, thermal treatment, represented by pyrolysis and incineration technology, has been widely used and well developed. However, the domestic study of industrial hazardous wastes’ characters is barely underway. The research methods haven’t matured. It causes serious problems in the design and function of multifarious disposal device.This dissertation attempts two new analysis techniques （thermodynamic equilibrium analysis, TG-FTIR united device） to study hazardous waste. The characteristics of flue gas and contamination in the thermal disposal process are analyzed, and the offsprings of the pyrolysis, gasification, incineration process are simulated using FactSage package in domestic advancing edge. The flue gas and contamination of hazardous waste is also traced by TG-FTIR in a real-time mode, and finaly a fast and valid method is explored in this field. Above all, concentration changes of CO₂, H₂O, CO, CH₄, SO₂, NOx, HCN, CH₃OH etc in different TG conditions are mainly focused on. Then the consult for industry application of design and function is expected.A preceding feasibility on the neutralization-incineration project of acid tar, an example of a typical liquid hazardous waste, is researched. The intermediate product "tar-residue" is destructed in a tube furnace and a fluidized bed incinerator in the condition of different temperatures and granularities etc. The emission concentration of SO₂ is mainly focused on and be compared with the national standard. Some helpful consults for the thermal disposal project of this kind of hazardous waste are obtained.更多还原