【作者】 李现兵；

【导师】 蒋建敏；

【作者基本信息】 北京工业大学 ， 材料加工工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文系统地研究了常用市售结构钢药芯焊丝的烟尘成分和物相组成,其烟尘主要成分是铁和锰的氧化物以及少量造渣物质反应后的生成物。研究了铁粉对药芯焊丝发尘率的影响,铁粉的加入量对发尘率的影响与焊丝的渣系有关,给定的某一渣系随着铁粉含量的减少发尘率有所下降;铁粉的生产工艺不同其形貌也不同,采用球形雾化铁粉的焊丝发尘率高于不规则块状还原铁粉焊丝的发尘率;铁粉粒度在-210～+130μm(80～120目)时焊丝发尘率较低,粒度低于210μm(80目)或高于130μm(120目)都能使焊丝发尘率增加。药芯组成对药芯焊丝发尘率的影响大致分为三类:第一类是铁、锰及其合金类,其氧化物构成烟尘的主要成分,也是烟尘的主要来源;第二类是主要用于稳弧的物质,高温下容易分解并蒸发的氟化物类,如氟硅酸钠、氟铝酸钠等,可以大幅度地增加焊丝发尘率;第三类是焊丝中加入量较大但进入烟尘较少的物质,如石英,氧化铝等高熔点物质,这类物质具有降低发尘率的作用。部分矿物粉含量对发尘率的影响是:随着氟硅酸钠含量的增加焊丝发尘率逐渐增加;以长石为主要成分的熔渣,能降低焊丝的发尘率,随着长石含量的增加焊丝的发尘率逐渐由8～12g/Kg降到4～4.5g/Kg的较低发尘率水平;钛铁矿的加入量对焊丝的发尘率影响不大;矿物粉的稳定性(尤其是高温稳定性)对焊丝发尘率有较大的影响。药粉预处理对发尘率的影响不一:熔炼型药粉可以降低焊丝发尘率,药粉造粒影响不是十分明显;合理的合金以及金属粉匹配可以降低焊丝的发尘率。同时还研制出了一种使用性能满足国标要求的环境协调型药芯焊丝。在材料的环境协调性与可持续发展思想的指导下,分析了不同种类焊接材料的环境协调性,指出药芯焊丝的环境协调性优于其它焊接材料,提出环境协调型焊接材料的具体含义、药芯焊丝的环境评估(LCA)和建立焊接材料环境评价体系并对焊接材料进行环境评估的建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 The fume’s composition and phases of flux-cored wire produced by four different plants were investigated, The results show that the main part of the fume are oxides of the iron and manganese, others are evaporations of the slag. The effect of the iron powder on the fume generation rate (FGR) is also studied, The FGR varies with changes of iron content and has close relation with the property of flux, the FGR declined coupled with the content of the iron powder declining;Iron powders produced by different processes have different shapes,FGR of the sphericity atomization iron powder is higher than the erose deoxidized iron powder;FGR fluctuated orderly in a small scale with the change of the iron powder’s granularity distribution, The FGR decreases when the iron powder’s granularity is in -210～+130μm(80～120 mesh). The category of the minerals influences on the FGR in the wending materials can be classified three kinds: the first kind include iron、manganese or their alloys and their oxidations is the main composition of the fume, they are the sources of the fume;the second kind inclue arc stabilization materials which can be easily decomposed by high temperature, such as sodium silicon fluoride、sodium aluminum fluoride and other fluorides, they can greatly enhance the wiere’s FFR;The third kind include quartz、alumina which have high melting points can lower the FGR and seldom enter into the fume. The effects on the FGR of mineral contents are investigated, the results show that the FGR increases coupled with the increasing of the sodium silicon fluoride content;The flux which the main content is feldspar can greatly lower the FGR, The FGR declines from 8～12g/Kg to 4～4.5g/Kg coupled with the increasing of feldspar content;Ilmenite content has no obvious effects on the FGR;The stability especially the high temperature stability of the mineral powders have great effect on the FGR.Preprocess of the fluxes have different effects on the FGR, Prefused flux can lower the FGR of the flux-cored wire,no obvious effect on FGR is found when the flux is transformed into grains;Reasonable match of mental powders can lower the FGR of flux-cored wire. A kind of environment conscious flux-cored wire which meets National Standard is developed.更多还原