【作者】 陈捍华；

【导师】 吴涤非；

【作者基本信息】 北京工业大学 ， 水利水电工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 我国农业发展已进入新阶段,其发展目标、功能任务、外部环境、内部条件发生了深刻变化,建设生态农业显得日益紧迫,世界及我国部分地区提出了各具特色的生态农业模式。本文结合黑龙江省西部地区农场的实际情况,在已有成果的基础上,提出生态农业的涵义,详细说明了生态农业所应包括的主要内容,进而形成了生态农业体系表。生态农业应该是动态的、发展的,并且是高效的、可持续的,应该和社会的发展同步,和环境的发展协调,生态农业强调经济、社会和环境的综合效益最佳。黑龙江省农垦九三分局鹤山农场是黑龙江省西部地区农场的典型,在资源环境条件、社会经济水平和土地利用结构方面均具有较好的代表性。本论文以鹤山农场为典型区探讨了关于生态农业建设分区,以及生态农业发展模式选择等一系列问题。本论文创新点之一是引进了灰色系统数学模型,对小区域的生态农业分区采用了定性分析加定量计算的方法,改变了以往农场式生态农业建设分区只采用定性规划的方法,此方法的应用可以增强农场式生态农业建设分区的理论性、准确性和可操作性。创新点之二是采用了分层次设计模式的方法,改变了以往只针对某一单一层次设计模式的做法,使得生态农业在宏观和微观上的发展思路更加明确。水利是农业的命脉,水资源的可持续利用是生态农业建设的重要保障,生态农业建设中水资源的高效利用是必然的。本论文结合黑龙江省西部农场地区的实际,探讨了水土流失兼季节性缺水地区农业水资源利用的原则和对策,此结论对水资源及农业生产条件类似地区的农业发展具有借鉴和指导作用。生态农业建设应该是一个多学科多领域紧密结合的系统工程,这其中不仅要有硬件设施的建设,而且也需要软件条件的跟进,本文系统分析了黑龙江省西部地区农场生态农业建设过程中存在的一系列问题,在此基础上提出了黑龙江省西部地区农场式生态农业建设的保障措施,为农场式生态农业的顺利开展提供了制度和体制方面的探讨。更多还原

【Abstract】 The agriculture development has been a new stage in China, and a deep change happened to its development target, functional task, external and internal environment. So, it is very stringent to construct ecological agriculture and some special ecological agriculture mode occurred in some place and all over the world. In this paper, the concept of ecological agriculture was put forward based on existing data according to the practical condition from the farmland in the west of Heilongjiang Province, and the main content of ecological agriculture was illustrated, and the system table for the ecological agriculture was formed. The ecological agriculture should be dynamic, developmental, highly effective, and sustaining; it also should develop with the society, and develop with environment hormonally, and stress the best synthesis benefit of economy, society and environment.Heshan farm of Nongken Jiusan substation in Heilongjiang Province is the typical farm in the west of Heilongjiang Province. It is representative in environmental condition, social economy condition and soil use structure. This paper discussed the method of construction partition for ecological and the chosen for ecological developing mode. One of the innovations was that the gray system mathematical model was introduced, based on it, the ecological agriculture with farming characteristics region was partitioned using qualitative and quantitative analysis method. Using this method could increase the theoretics, veracity and maneuverability. Another innovation was that the layered designing mode was utilized, which change the method of single layer designing mode used in the past. This method helped to develop clearly for the ecological agriculture on macroscopical and microcosmic view.Water conservancy is the life line of agriculture and the sustainable use of water resources is the important guarantee for ecological agriculture construction. So, the high efficient use of water resources in the ecological in the agriculture is necessary. This paper discussed the principle for agricultural water resources utilization and its countermeasure for water loss and soil erosion and seasonal water depletion district, based on actual data from the west farm in Heilongjiang Province.Ecological agriculture should be system engineering in which multi-disciplinary and multi-domain corporate tightly. This system not only need hardware facility更多还原