【作者】 支波；

【导师】 郑国渠；

【作者基本信息】 浙江工业大学 ， 材料学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文对铅阳极泥的传统处理工艺、现状、五氯化锑制备以及五氯化锑的水解过程和水解产物的研究进行了全面的综述。提出了处理铅阳极泥制备五氯化锑新工艺，并对五氯化锑水解过程进行了研究，这对锑资源的综合利用，提高锑品的深加工能力具有十分重要的意义。 第二章中，针对Sb³⁺-Cl^--H₂O体系和sb³⁺-Pb²⁺-Ag⁺-Cl^--H₂O体系，根据同时平衡原理，建立了适当的数学模型，借助计算机牛顿迭代求解方程，绘制出了体系中各种沉淀物与溶液平衡时的浓度对数--pH图和浓度--溶解度图，确定了Sb³⁺-Cl^--H₂O体系各固相物质稳定存在的pH值范围。在Sb³⁺-Pb²⁺-Ag⁺-Cl^--H₂O体系中铅的溶解度随着总氯浓度的变化有一最低值，之后，锑的溶解度随着总氯浓度的升高而升高；银的溶解度随着总氯浓度的升高而增加。铅、银的溶解度均随着锑浓度的升高而降低。 第三章中，绘制了SbCl₃—HCl—H₂O体系中不同浓度盐酸情况下的温度—浓度相图；研究了不同温度、不同时间下蒸发过程馏余物的组成以及至极限温度蒸馏馏余物组成。 第四章中，研究了铅阳极泥稀酸酸洗、氯化浸出、还原、低压蒸馏、通氯氧化、结晶分离等工序制备五氯化锑的工艺流程。通过对工艺流程的优化，确立了五氯化锑的制备最佳的工艺条件为：将铅阳极泥在60℃进行烘干，用液固比4∶1的0.5mol·L^-1盐酸在70℃条件下酸洗1小时，再在液固比6∶l的6m0l·L^-1盐酸在80℃条件下浸出2小时，然后控制反应釜温更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, the traditional treatment technologies of lead anode slime, simultaneous treatment, preparation of antimony pentachloride, its hydrolysis process and the study of the relevant hydrolyzed precipitate were overviewed. A new technology preparation of pentachloride antimony from antimony-rich lead anode slime was developed, which is significant for the comprehensive use of antimony and improving the downstream processing of antimony products.In the second chapter, according to the principle of simultaneous equilibrium, mathematical models for system Sb³⁺-Cl^--H₂O and Sb³⁺-Pb²⁺-Ag⁺-Cl¹-H₂O were established and equations set were calculated by using Newton method. The diagrams of the logarithm of equilibrium concentration of series precipitation vs pH were drawn. The pH range of precipitate was also obtained for the Sb³⁺-Cl^--H₂O system. The solubilities of lead decreased with the increase of the concentration of chloride and reached a minimum point in the Sb³⁺-Pb²⁺-Ag⁺-Cl^--H₂O system.. But of silver increased with the increase of the chloride concentration. The solubilities of lead and silver decreased with the increase of chloride concentration.In the third chapter, the phase diagram of Sb³⁺-Cl^--H₂O system at different concentration of hydrochloric acid was drawn. The residual components at different temperature and time were investigated.更多还原