【作者】 王玮；

【导师】 刘伯山；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 中国哲学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 宋元以来，特别是明清时期，徽州已发展成为中国封建宗族制度的一个典型地区。聚族而居是明清徽州宗族重要的特点，但其典型性意义在于它有着完备而有效的道德教化系统。这个系统为明清徽州宗族和整个社会的长期和谐稳定发展注入了源源不断的精神动力，对于我们今天的道德建设也具有多重的现实意义。 本文第一章分析了明清徽州宗族道德教化的动因。传统道德教化的影响以及对明清统治者教化政策的顺应是徽州宗族重视道德教化的社会历史背景；中国传统文化强调多元的和谐、异质的协调与对立的消解，至善至真至美的圆融的“和合”追求是明清徽州宗族重视道德教化的内在动因；徽商资助的土地及其它资产则是明清徽州宗族重视道德教化的经济基础。 第二章介绍了明清徽州宗族道德教化的体系。朱熹理学是明清徽州宗族道德教化的指导思想。朱熹继承和发展了儒家传统的人伦思想，建立了适合中国宗法等级制的、以家庭(家族)为本位的伦理观。其伦理观的核心主张是“三纲五常”及其与之相适应的“孝悌”、“忠恕”、“节烈”等道德和行为规范，并把这些规范提到“理”的高度，要求贯彻和执行。读朱子之书，以朱熹思想作为指导思想，是徽州人坚定不移的信念。明清徽州宗族道德教化还有一个完备的教材体系，那就是徽州宗族的族规家法。徽州宗族的族规家法有两个明显的特点：一是主题涉及面广，二是在实施手段上，强调宣传教育与处罚制裁相结合。明清徽州宗族进行道德教化的具体手段很多，涉及方方面面，但最主要的有：修谱牒、建祠堂、兴教育、演剧、立牌坊等形式。 第三章论述了明清徽州宗族道德教化的功效。首先，它培育出了高素质的徽州族人。明清徽州普遍存在着商人重义、仕宦忠介、平民孝友、妇女贞节等社会现象，就是徽州宗族重视道德教化结果的具体体现。其次，它维系了徽州宗族的和谐稳定。正是徽州宗族对道德教化的高度重视、精心组织、全力实施，才有徽州宗族的长久稳定与和谐发展。 本文第四章则阐述了明清徽州宗族道德教化对现代道德建设的启发。“构建社会主义和谐社会”是我国当前的重大战略任务。道德伦理建设是构建和谐社会更多还原

【Abstract】 Since Song and Yuan Dynasties, especially Huizhou in Ming and Qing Dynasties has developed into a typical region of Chinese feudalism clans. Living together is an important characteristic of Huizhou clans in Ming and Qing Dynasties, but the typical significance of Huizhou clans lies in the perfect and effective ethical enlightenment system. This system has poured into the continuously spiritual power for the long-term harmonious and stable development of Huizhou clans and the entire society in Ming and Qing Dynasties, which also has the important practical significance for us to construct the harmonious society today.The first chapter of this article analyzes the stimulating factors of the ethical enlightenment of Huizhou clans in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The social and historical backgrounds of Huizhou clans’ emphasis on the ethical enlightenment is due to the influence of the traditional ethical enlightenment and obedience to the rules’ enlightenment policy in Ming and Qing Dynasties; the intrinsic motive of Huizhou clans’ emphasis on the ethical enlightenment is that the traditional Chinese culture emphasizes the multivariate harmonies, the coordination of the difference, the dispelling of the opposition and pursuing the perfect "harmony" culture; the economic basis of Huizhou clans’ emphasis on the ethical enlightenment is the estates and other properties which Huizhou merchants subsidized.The second chapter introduces the system of the ethical enlightenment of Huizhou clans in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Zhu Xi Neo-Confucianism is the guiding thought of the ethical enlightenment of Huizhou clans in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Zhu Xi, who continued and developed the traditional Confucian human relation thoughts, has established the ethics, which fit the Chinese clan rank system and took the family (clan) as standard. The core viewpoint of the ethics is "the three cardinal ethical relationships of the social order and the five constant virtues" and the standards of morals and the behaviors which adapt with it such as "the piety", "the loyalty", "the chastity" and so on, which update these standards to "the reason" altitude and ask to practice them. To read the book of Zhu Xi and regard Zhu Xi’s thoughts as the guiding thought is the Huizhou更多还原