商标权滥用与竞争法规制

【作者】 许丽；

【导师】 王先林；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 经济法学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 商标权滥用是指商标权人在行使商标权利过程中，借助商标权所形成的市场力量，从事的损害市场竞争秩序的行为。在实践中，反竞争的商标许可、域名反向劫持、商标恶意抢注等行为均是商标权滥用的具体表现。从本质上看，商标权滥用既是一种侵权行为，又是一种反竞争的行为，同时也侵犯了消费者及一般社会公众的利益。商标权的滥用有其政治、经济、法律、社会根源。商标权利人极端地追求经济利益是商标权滥用的经济原因；商标保护制度的异化则是其政治原因；知识产权领域公权与私权的冲突构成其法律根源；社会成员消费理念的颠覆是导致滥用商标权的社会根源。 判断一项行为是否构成商标权滥用应当与竞争政策相结合，以行使商标权的行为是否不合理地妨害了竞争为标准。商标权作为知识产权的重要类型之一，商标权的滥用固然具有知识产权滥用的共性，也具有其个性特征。具体而言，界定商标权滥用行为需要考虑以下要件：1、行为主体包括经营者，也包括其他市场主体；2、须有商标权存在；3、行为有害于市场竞争秩序；4、须有损害他人利益或不正当竞争之故意。 无限制的商标权则可能导致权利的滥用，商标权滥用现象的存在，引起商标权人的私人利益与确保公平竞争、促进知识与信息被广泛传播的公共利益之间的冲突。因此，我们应当在商标权的保护与限制之间找到平衡点，兼顾权利人的合法权益和社会公众利益，以实现商标权人与公众利益的平衡。商标权受到的限制有三类：其本身的权利限制，民法基本原则的限制和竞争法的限制。无论是商标法自身规范对商标权的适当限制还是民法基本原则对商标权滥用的限制，都属于在民商法范围的规制，尽管能够在一定程度上起到维护商标权利益平衡的作用，但这种规制受到民商法自身性质和手段的局限，不足以解决商标权滥用的更深层次的问题。对商标权滥用的限制是商标法与竞争法之间的连接点。竞争法对商标权滥用的限制主要是从维护公平交易秩序的目标出发，以公法的方法来介入和调整存于私法领域的竞争关系，成为限制商标权滥用的“制更多还原

【Abstract】 The abuse of trademark right reefers to the actions of harming market competing order acted by persons owned it through the using of market forces generated by it. In practice, the anti-competition licensing of trademark, reverse domain name hijacking and so on, is the incorporate of trademark right abuse. In essence, the trademark abuse is not only an action of pirate, but an action of anti-competition, and at the same time encroached upon the interest of consumer and the general public. The trademark abuse has its reason as to politics, economy, law and society. The economic reason is the trademark proprietor’s extreme pursuit of economic benefit. The political reason is the dissimilation of the trademark protection system. The law reason is the conflict between public right and private right in intellectual property domain. The social reason is the overturn of social members’ consuming idea.Judging an action belongs to this kind of action or not should consider the competing policy, follows on the criterion of whether the action of using trademark right harmed competition unreasonably or not. Trademark right is an important type of intellectual right, the abuse of trademark right has the common characteristics of the abuse of intellectual property, and at the same time, it has the characteristics of its own. In particular, we should consider the following key elements to define the action of trademark right abuse: (1) the behavioral agents include not only operators but also other market subjects; (2) it should have the existence of trademark right; (3) actions do harm to market competition order; (4) it should have the actions of hurting others interest or acting unfair competition on purpose.Unrestricted trademark right may result in the abuse of right. The phenomena of trademark right abuse arises the conflict between the private interest of trademark owner and the public interest. Therefore, we should find the balance point between the protection and restriction of trademark right, give attention to both the更多还原