【作者】 邵文生；

【导师】 高宝玉； 张建；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 环境工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 随着经济的发展，我国许多河流成为了纳污河流，污染严重。而我国的北方河流具有流量季节变化大、污染物浓度变化大和水温变化大等特点，给河流污染治理带来了更大的困难。人工湿地工艺以其低投资、低运转费用、低维持技术和节约能源的特点而成为我国北方纳污河道污染河水处理的优选工艺之一。 本课题以淄博市孝妇河为研究对象，采用潜流人工湿地处理污染河水，系统研究了湿地的构建与工艺特性、湿地的持续性运行以及湿地系统中的生物特性等问题。 选择废砖、废陶瓷、空心砖和混合填料（废砖废陶瓷等体积混合）等4种填料作为湿地待选填料，选择芦苇、菖蒲和美人蕉作为湿地待选植物，构建潜流人工湿地污染河水处理系统。结果表明，水力负荷为15cm／d，在高浓度进水(COD_Cr和氨氮浓度分别为40～70mg／L和10～35mg／L)和低浓度进水(COD_Cr和氨氮浓度分别为15～30mg／L和0.3～3mg／L)两种情况下，均以混合填料为填充介质构建的人工湿地系统的污染物去除效果最好，其对COD_Cr、氨氮的平均去除率分别为40％、56％和25％、70％；湿地植物因为美人蕉无法在自然条件下过冬而选择了芦苇和菖蒲。 季节变化对氨氮去除效果的影响很大，夏季氨氮去除率可达70％左右，但冬季水温降低到15℃以下时，氨氮去除率降低到30％以下。季节变化对人工湿地COD_Cr去除效果的影响较小。人工湿地两年去除效果的比较表明，系统运行第二年氨氮的平均去除率有所降低，而同期COD_Cr的去除效果则有所提高。 在雨季，人工湿地能承受短时间的洪水水力冲击负荷，在水力负荷达100cm／d的情况下，系统对氨氮和COD_Cr的去除率分别可以达到52％和36％。在冬季，植物枯死后逐渐腐烂，向水中释放污染物质，影响出水水质。结果表明，湿地植物的腐烂将使处理出水中增加0.40mg／L的氨氮和14.40mg／L的COD_Cr，因此秋末应当及时对枯萎植物进行收割。 在冬季，由于温度降低，系统对污染物的去除效果也随之下降，本课题采用地膜覆盖的方法对污染物的去除效果进行强化。结果表明，覆盖地膜能有效提高系统对污染物的去除效果，氨氮和COD_Cr平均去除率分别由未覆盖地膜时的29.4％和29.0％上升到67.6％和46.6％。微生物活性分析表明，覆盖地膜后，由于系统温度上升，微生物活性得到显著提高，脲酶活性提高到原来的约1.5更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of economy, many rivers in china are polluted severely. The characteristics of the rivers in northern China, such as large flux changes in different seasons, large pollutant concentration changes and large water temperature changes, make it more difficult to control river pollution. The constructed wetland is one of the best techniques for the northern China river water treatment, because of its low investment, and operation cost, easy maintenance and low energy cost.The study used constructed wetland to treat polluted river water of Xiaofu River in Zi Bo. The construction and technique characteristics of system、 the constant operation of wetland and the biological characteristics in wetland were studied systematically.This study selected waste bricks、 waste potters、 air brick and mixed media（waste bricks and potters mixed with the same volume scale） as the media of constructed wetland. Reed、 Calamus and Canna were selected as the plants of constructed wetland. The results showed that with the hydraulic loading of 15cm/d, in higher pollutant concentration influent (COD_Cr and the ammonia nitrogen concentration were 40～70mg/L and 10³5mg/L respectively) and lower pollutant concentration influent (COD_Cr and the ammonia nitrogen concentration are 15～30mg/L and 0.3～3mg/L respectively), the best pollutant removal performance was aimed in the wetlandwith mixed media, the COD_Cr and ammonia nitrogen removal rates were 40%, 56% respectively and 25%、 70% respectively. The wetland plants was fixed as Reed and Calamus because that the Canna couldn’t overwinter.Season changes influenced ammonia nitrogen removal rates greatly. Ammonia nitrogen removal rate was 70% in summer, while when the water temperature fell down below 15℃, ammonia nitrogen removal rate was decreased to below 30%. Season changes had a little influence on the COD_Cr removal rate. The 2 years pollutants removal rates of the constructed wetland were compared. The results showed that ammonia nitrogen removal rate fell down in the second year, while the COD_Cr removal rate rose.更多还原