文学史上的1980

【作者】 石小寒；

【导师】 孔范今；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 1980年在文学史上享有重要地位，这一年既是社会转型的关键年又是文学观念变革的关键年。1980年显示出与以往文学观念的差异，同时开启了和平年代的创作风向，并且从一定程度上为后来的文学创作开辟了新天地。 由于和平年代的到来，在作家战乱中长期形成的斗争心态逐渐淡化，取而代之的是一种较为冲淡平和的心态。1980年的文学就显现出这种转折。这种较为冲淡平和的创作心态很大程度上代表着当代文学的主流心态。正是这种心态的转变使当代文学呈现出与现代文学相反的发展方向。文学不再像往常那样急功近利，“战歌”不再高唱，文学才真正摆脱政治的干扰，才真正的走入日常。 战乱的存在使文学过分重视社会功能，而对文学的本质特性审美意蕴较为忽视，这一倾向从现代文学初期到“文革”时期一直影响着创作界，而且呈现出愈演愈烈的态势，到“文革”时期达顶峰。1980年这种“政治标准第一”倾向开始有所转变，文学开始重视艺术标准，注重文学的审美意蕴。 从现代文学的肇始“五四文学”开始，文学就注重西方文化的输入。但是随着战争的不断升级，中外矛盾一度成为主要矛盾，由于抗日战争的需要，文学自觉地贴近大众，追求民族化的效果。文学也自动中止了世界化现代化的进程。新中国成立后，文学继续延用毛泽东的“文学为工农兵服务”这一文艺政策。直到1980年前后，社会转型，对外开放，文学才重新开始世界化现代化的进程。 纵观中国文学史，文学几乎一直处在边缘的位置。只有社会根本制度转型期，文学地位才会上升，从而接近中心位置。这种情况出现在奴隶制瓦解的春秋战国时期，封建制解体的近代现代。只有这种特殊时期文学才会上升到中心位置。一旦社会趋于稳定，文学必然要回到边缘的位置。1980年文学就呈现出“边缘化”，的趋势，文学逐渐回到了原来的位置。 总而言之，1980年的文学在根本观念上做出了调整，80年的文学观念在很大程度上蕴含着当代文学新的方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 1980, the key year of transformation both in society and in literary concepts, enjoys great importance in the history of the Chinese literature for its exhibiting great differences from literary concepts compared with the previous and also it points out the new direction of creation in peaceful ages and to some extent, opens up a new field for the later literary creation.With the arrival of the peaceful ages, the long-time-existed struggling concepts formulated during the warring chaos began wading and was replaced by that of moderation and smooth. 1980 is the very year of this turning point. This moderate and smooth creating mental state, to some extent, represents the main trend of creating mental state of the contemporary literature. And it is just this transformation of creating mental state that makes the contemporary literature exhibit a contrary developing direction against that of the modern one. The literature creation was no longer seeking short-term successes and quick profits, and the fighting songs were no longer sung highly which show that literature creation begin to step onto its regular routine way of describing the daily life of the common people without political interference.The chaos caused by wars make the social functions the main part of literature creation while its basic characteristics and features of appreciation of the beautiful, on the contrary, is neglected. This irregular tendency of "political standard first" becomes graver until it reaches its summit during the Cultural Revolution period. Only in 1980 did this tendency begin to change with the representation of the artistic standard and stressing on the appreciation of the beautiful.Just since literature of May 4^th , the very beginning of the modern literature, the introduction of the western culture was stressed. However, with the escalation of foreign invasion, the conflicts between China and the foreign powers became the principal contradiction of that time. To meet the need of the Anti-Japanese invasion war, literary更多还原