【作者】 金艳；

【导师】 王勇；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 乔伊斯·卡罗尔·奥茨是美国当代文坛的著名女作家。她著作颇丰，风格多样。她被盛誉为“作家中的作家”，“自福克纳之后男女小说家中的第一位”。她的多产引起一些评论家的谴责，他们认为她写得过多而没有认真写作。并且，她的作品常被看作是追随十九世纪小说的传统，因此而因循守旧。 事实上，奥茨不断的写作显示了她是一位出色的作家，并且她敢于探索创新，涉及不同体裁，采用不同的写作技巧。小说《自我封闭》显示了奥茨出色的写作能力以及她对后现代主义叙述技巧的运用。这部小说发表于1990年，是艾克出版公司计划出版的根据艺术作品所作的系列小说的第一部。自发表以来备受批评界的推崇与赞扬。小说从孙女的角度来讲述祖母的故事，孙女讲的故事与已无关，并且她的叙述经常被女主角及社会舆论声音打断，奥茨以斜体字来显示这些插入的声音。小说同时探讨了二十世纪初美国女性所遭受的压迫以及她们的斗争，同时也涉及到了美国根深蒂固的种族歧视问题。因此，评论家总是分别从主题及叙事方面对其进行研究。其实，奥茨在小说中运用的叙事技巧显示了后现代主义的特征。本文详细分析了这篇小说所运用的后现代主义叙事技巧，以及作者如何通过运用这些叙事技巧来进一步表现和加深主题的。 本文包括五部分，除引言和结论外分为三章。这三章细致分析了小说中所运用的三种显著的后现代主义叙述技巧。 第一章阐述了不确定的叙述声音这一后现代主义特色。这部小说中有三种显著不同的叙述声音。奥茨把这三种截然不同的声音融合在一起，形成了一种叙述套叙述的风格。小说的主要叙述者是女主角的无名外孙女，她的叙述模糊不定，时而用第三人称时而用第一人称讲述外祖母的故事，叙述语调多变。在讲述的过程中，搀杂着女主角凯勒及社会舆论声音，这不仅导致她的叙述断续而且颠覆了她的叙述的真实性和权威性。奥茨采用对话和斜体字两种方式展示女主角凯勒的声音。采用传统对话方式展示的凯勒从童年时代就追求自由，与其他人截然不同。与传统格格不入。斜体方式一方面中断了主要叙述者的叙述，导致了小说的不稳定。另一方面恰恰显示了凯勒对自我和自由的追求。奥茨采用三种话语表现方法来展示公众舆论。第一种是指向凯勒和她的情人黑人巡游探水员蒂勒尔·汤普森更多还原

【Abstract】 Joyce Carol Oates is one of the most prolific and versatile contemporary writers of the United States. She has been called a "writer’s writer" and praised as "the first American novelist, man or woman since Faulkner". Her productivity has triggered negative comments among some critics who say that she has written too much to have written carefully. Besides, her works are usually seen as tracing the literary tradition of the nineteenth-century and are therefore old-fashioned.Factually, Oates’s ceaseless production shows her ability as a talented and experimental writer who dares to tackle a variety of subjects and to employ a range of techniques. The novella I Lock My Door Upon Myself exemplifies Oates’s excellent writing ability as well as her employment of postmodern narrative techniques. This novella was published in 1990 as the first in a series of fictions based upon works of art that the Ecco Press was planning to publish. Since its publication, the novella has received widespread praise. The novella recounts the life of the heroine from the perspective of her granddaughter. The granddaughter tells the story which is not really hers and which is often broken by the voices of the heroine and the fanning community in italicized sections. It also explores the repression and the struggle for the "self and freedom of women in the turn of the twentieth century, as well as the inherent racism of America. Therefore, critics usually study and discuss, it respectively, from the angles of the themes and the location of narrative. Actually, the narrative techniques Oates employed show the features of postmodernism. This thesis mainly analyzes three conspicuous postmodern narrative techniques and explores how the author displays and further intensifies the themes by these postmodern narrative techniques.The thesis consists of five parts, with three chapters coming between the introduction and the conclusion. These three chapters elaborately explore three更多还原