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有载分接开关机械性能的在线监测系统研究

【作者】 张国强

【导师】 李庆民;

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 , 高电压与绝缘技术, 2006, 硕士

【摘要】 随着电力工业的迅速发展,电力设备容量和电力网络规模日益扩大,电力设备可能发生的故障会引发巨大的经济损失和不良的社会影响,这就给供电质量提出了更高的要求和前所未有的挑战。因此,必须切实采取有效措施以提高电力系统的供电质量,保证电力设备与系统的安全、可靠、经济与稳定运行。基于在线监测与故障诊断技术的状态维修策略,在这方面具有重要作用,具有良好的应用前景,是未来的主要发展趋势。 有载调压变压器,是电力系统变电站中非常重要的输配电设备,它通过有载调压分接开关(On-load Tap Changer,OLTC)的逐级动作,实现对高压输配电电网的有载调压,使工业供电和居民供电的系统电压保持稳定。有载调压变压器在电力系统中发挥了联络电网、调节有功与无功潮流以及稳定负荷中心电压的重要作用,在电网中得到了愈加广泛地应用,通常在高压输电变压器上和重要负载的配电变压器上均施行有载调压。 有载分接开关是有载调压变压器中唯一的可动部件,也是关键部件之一。依靠有载分接开关准确及时的动作,不仅可减少和避免电压的大幅度波动,而且可以强制分配负荷潮流,挖掘设备无功和有功出力,保证电力系统安全可靠运行,增加电网调度的灵活性。有载分接开关的制造质量和运行、检修技术水平直接关系到有载调压变压器的运行安全。随着有载调压变压器在电网应用的增多,有载分接开关的故障也在增加。据统计,1990年全国110kV-500kV等级变压器的事故和故障中,源于有载分接开关故障的分别占18%和12%;500kV变压器的57次故障中,有载分接开关占25%。据国外资料统计,OLTC故障占有载调压变压器故障的41%。现在OLTC的故障率高且呈上升趋势,国内平均统计数据表明,OLTC的故障占变压器故障的20%以上。例如,湖北省网110kV-500kV的变压器共安装OLTC329台,2001年统计出现故障的66台,故障率为20%。因此,鉴于有载分接开关具有动作频繁和故障率高的特点,研究OLTC的状态监测技术以实现设备维修的合理化、规范化、科学化,适应国民经济发展对电力高质量、高可靠性要求的新形势,具有十分重要的现实意义。 OLTC由选择器、切换开关和电动机构组成,其性能包括电气性能和机械

【Abstract】 With fast development of electric power industry, the capacity of electric equipment and the scale of power network are extending in the meantime. Potential power system faults will result in large economical losses and social impacts, therefore, some measures must be taken to enhance the quality of power supply and ensure the safety of power systems. Condition-based maintenance diagnosis will present a preferable solution for the above issues.On-load tap changers (OLTC) of power transformers play very important role in the power delivery to adjust voltage levels. Statistics shows that the ratio of OLTC accidents and faults among all the 110kV-500kV transformers faults is 18% and 12% respectively, and the faults ratio is also growing with time.An OLTC is composed of a selector, a tap-changer and a motor-controlled mechanical drive system. OLTC’s performance is characterized in both electric and mechanical aspects, with the mechanical one being the prominent fault source. Further, the electric faults are normally caused by mechanical reasons. So on-line monitoring of OLTC’s mechanical conditions can present critical indications of potential faults.An on-line monitoring system for condition assessment and fault diagnosis of OLTC is developed, which incorporates some new technologies such as mechanical sensors, data acquisition system, virtual instruments, network monitoring and diagnosis and so on. The system is the first of its kind developed in China, which presents a boost for condition monitoring applications to guarantee reliability, economy and stability of power systems.

  • 【网络出版投稿人】 山东大学
  • 【网络出版年期】2006年 12期
  • 【分类号】TM403.4;TM764
  • 【被引频次】8
  • 【下载频次】603
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