【作者】 王利；

【导师】 张勤；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 大地测量学与测量工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 公路边坡是危害最为严重的主要地质灾害之一，为了减少公路边坡灾害对人民生命财产安全造成的损失，必须对公路边坡灾害进行变形监测和预报。 变形监测方法多种多样，已从简单的人工法发展到了目前的高精度仪器测定法，如GPS、TDR和测量机器人等，这些方法也已广泛应用于公路崩塌、滑坡等灾害的监测与预报。为了寻求适合于公路边坡变形监测的技术和方法，本文从分析公路边坡的变形机理入手，研究了公路边坡变形监测的有关理论与方法，并重点研究了目前在变形监测中应用较为广泛的GPS技术及其特点。在高精度边坡变形监测中，由于GPS设备的昂贵费用，极大地限制了GPS技术的应用；而且只用少量的GPS接收机，也无法在监测过程中获得变形体整体的、连续的变形信息。因此，为了降低GPS监测系统的成本，实现对变形体的连续监测和准确预报，本文还系统地研究了适用于公路边坡监测的GPS一机多天线变形监测系统，包括其工作原理、系统构成、数据传输及有关的数据处理和变形预测理论等内容。 围绕这一主题，论文的主要内容和创新点可概括如下： (1)对公路边坡地质灾害的变形机理、产生原因、破坏模式、防治措施，以及公路边坡变形监测的方法、技术和仪器进行了分析、对比和研究，重点研究目前用GPS技术进行公路边坡变形监测的两种主要模式的优缺点，总结出了公路边坡变形监测方法、技术和仪器的优选原则。 (2)结合两次用GPS一机多天线技术监测公路边坡变形的试验，研究了GPS一机多天线监测系统的组成、GPS一机多天线技术在公路边坡灾害监测中的可行性和GPS一机多天线监测系统的支撑技术，设计出了一套适用于公路边坡地质灾害监测的GPS一机多天线自动化变形监测系统。 (3)对GPS一机多天线监测系统的定位算法进行了研究，特别对GPS单历元定位算法及其在公路边坡变形监测中的应用进行了深入研究，建立了一套适用于公路边坡变形监测的GPS单历元算法，从而有效地避免了“整周模糊度的求解”和“周跳的探测与修复”等问题，解决了GPS一机多天线监测系统中的关键数据处理问题。 (4)结合水门沟滑坡的GPS形变监测资料，在研究卡尔曼滤波和动态灰色更多还原

【Abstract】 Road slope is one of the most dangerous geological disasters. In order to reduce people’s loss in those disasters, we must monitor and forecast the deformation of road slope disasters.The methods of deformation monitoring have many kinds, and have developed from the simple manual acting methods to the high precision instrument measure methods, such as the GPS, TDR and Georobot, etc. All those methods have widely used in the monitoring and forecast of road fall and slope disasters. In order to find the proper technology and method of road slope deformation monitoring, this dissertation studies the theory and methods of road slope deformation monitoring by starting with the analysis of road slope deformation mechanisms. Then the GPS technology which is more widely used in deformation monitoring and its’ characteristics are studied in particular. In the high precision deformation monitoring of road slope, the application of GPS technology has limited by the expensive GPS equipments. Moreover, the full and continuous deformation information of deformation body cannot be obtained when only a few GPS receivers are used in the road slope monitoring. Therefore, in order to reduce the cost of GPS monitoring system and realize the continuous monitoring and the precision forecast of deformation body, this dissertation also roundly studies the Multi-antenna GPS Deformation Monitoring System which is fit for the monitoring of road slope geological disasters. It includes the working principle, the system structure, the data transfer, the data processing and the deformation forecast of the Multi-antenna GPS Deformation Monitoring System.With this topic, the main works and contributions of this dissertation are summarized as follows:(1) The deformation mechanisms, the inducement causes, the failure modes, the更多还原