【作者】 洪新艺；

【导师】 吴燕翔；

【作者基本信息】 福州大学 ， 化学工程， 2006， 硕士

【副题名】含酚废水体系

【摘要】 支撑液膜法作为液膜法的一种分支技术,近十几年来已经引起广大学者的关注,因此也得到了快速的发展。作为一种分离技术,支撑液膜具有高渗透通量和高选择性等特点。本工作采用的支撑液膜体系,是以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为载体,煤油作为膜溶剂,多孔性聚丙烯膜为支撑膜材料。研究探讨了苯酚在支撑液膜中的传质机理,考察了各因素对渗透系数的影响;建立了研究支撑液膜稳定性的动态电阻监测法,并对支撑液膜的膜相液体流失情形进行了研究。(1)测定包括分配系数、水相扩散系数和表观反应萃取平衡常数等基础参数,并分析了各操作条件对它们的影响。分配系数的研究结果表明,分配系数KP随着料液苯酚浓度增大而增大,随料液pH值增大而升高;采用多孔板法测定水相中苯酚的扩散系数,并将测定值与经验公式估算值进行对比,结果表明,测定结果是可靠的;表观反应萃取平衡常数K r随着载体浓度升高而增大,随着料液浓度的增加而增大,而在浓度较大时, K r增大趋势变缓。(2)采用平板支撑液膜,间歇操作,测定各种操作条件下的渗透系数。当膜相中不含载体时,分别考察了搅拌速度、料液相浓度、反萃取液浓度和料液相pH值等因素对渗透系数的影响。当膜相中含有载体时,考察了载体浓度、料液相浓度和反萃取液浓度等因素对渗透系数的影响。在此基础上,采用双膜理论来解释苯酚透过平板支撑液膜的过程,在稳态假设下,建立苯酚在支撑液膜内的传质模型,并求解膜内扩散系数等模型参数。(3)利用IM6电化学工作站测出了膜电阻值的变化规律,建立了用来研究支撑液膜稳定性的动态电阻监测法。通过动态电阻监测法探讨了膜电阻与膜相液体流失之间的关系,考察了不同苯酚浓度和不同载体浓度对膜相液体流失的影响。结果表明,苯酚浓度的改变对膜相液体的流失没有影响;载体浓度越高,膜相液体流失得越快,膜寿命也就越短。同时研究了传质过程中渗透系数随时间的变化情况,探讨了支撑液膜过程传质与膜相液体流失之间的关系。以上的研究为支撑液膜法处理含酚废水技术中液膜体系的选择、工艺过程优化、膜流失机理研究等提供了理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Supported Liquid Membranes Technology (SLMs) with rapid progress, as one of the liquid membrane technologies, has attracted considerable attention from many scientists for more than ten years. As a new separation technique, SLMs provides high permeability and good selectivity. In this thesis, a system of supported liquid membrane selected composed of TBP as carrier, kerosene as the solvent and polypropylene as membrane support material. The mechanism of phenol transport through the supported liquid membrane (SLM) and the factors affecting the permeability coefficient were investigated. The method dynamic impedance monitor was established, and the stability and the loss process of membrane liquid of SLM were investigated by this method.Firstly, allocation coefficient, diffusion coefficient and reactive extraction equilibrium constant were determined, as well the operation factors affecting these parameters. The results showed that Kp value increased with the increase of the initial concentration and pH value of the feed phase. The determined diffusion coefficient showed good agreement with the value that were calculated by the experiential equation given by Castillo R.. Reactive extraction equilibrium constant Kr increased with the increase of the initial concentration of the feed phase and the carrier concentration, while Kr value increased slowly in the high initial concentration of the feed phase.Secondly, the permeation coefficient in the flat-sheet supported liquid membrane under batch operation was measured. The factors, such as feed solution concentration, stirring speed, strip solution concentration and the pH value of feed solution, have been discussed when the membrane phase only contained membrane solvent. And also the factors, such as carrier concentration, feed solution concentration and strip solution concentration, also have been discussed when the membrane phase contained solvent and carrier. Based on the double membrane theory, the model of phenol transport in supported liquid membrane was established, and the parameters of the更多还原