【作者】 冯晓爱；

【导师】 杨凯；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 刑法学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 单位犯罪未遂既是单位犯罪研究的一项子课题,同时也是犯罪未遂研究的一项子课题。仅就单位犯罪与犯罪未遂来讲,二者一直是理论界和实务界研究和争论的焦点问题。许多专著和论文已多有论述,可以说已取得了一定的研究成果。但对于单位犯罪未遂问题,却鲜有专门的论述。而这一问题无论从理论上还是实践上都具有非常大的研究价值,因此,本文主要围绕单位犯罪未遂的相关问题展开论述。文章除引言和结论外,共分四大部分:第一部分是单位犯罪未遂的定义及其构成特征。笔者认为,单位犯罪未遂,是指在单位直接故意犯罪中,犯罪单位已着手实行犯罪,由于意志以外的原因而未能达到犯罪既遂的一种未完成犯罪形态。以该定义为基础,得出单位犯罪未遂有四个方面的构成特征:一,单位犯罪未遂只存在于单位直接故意犯罪之中;二,犯罪单位已经着手实施犯罪;三,单位的犯罪行为未能达到既遂状态;四,犯罪行为未达既遂是由于单位意志以外的原因。第二部分是单位犯罪未遂存在的根据。笔者首先探究了单位犯罪未遂存在的理论根据,认为承认单位犯罪未遂的存在,不仅符合马克思主义的基本原理,而且符合我国刑法的犯罪定义理论和刑法的犯罪构成理论。同时笔者认为单位犯罪未遂也有其存在的法律根据,并从宪法层次和刑法层次两个角度出发,得出单位犯罪未遂的存在完全符合宪法和刑法的相关条文的结论。第三部分是单位犯罪未遂的责任追究。这一部分主要论述了单位犯罪未遂责任追究的范围和责任追究的原则。首先,在考察单位犯罪未遂社会危害性的基础上,从个罪特征来看,责任追究的范围应排除以损害结果发生为必备要件的结果犯以及情节犯和加重构成犯。从责任追究的主体范围来看,应将主管人员严格限定于与单位犯罪有直接联系的领导人员,而不能殃及领导机构中的其他领导成员。其次,责任追究的原则主要包括罪刑法定原则、罪责自负原则、罪刑相当原则、刑法谦抑原则、将“两罚制为主,代罚制为辅”与“得减主义”相结合的原则等等。第四部分是单位犯罪未遂的立法完善。从立法完善的必要性和可能性两个方面论证了单位犯罪未遂立法完善的根据。并进而提出了立法完善的具体建议,即修改相关法律条文,明确规定犯罪分子不仅包括犯罪自然人也包括犯罪单位;采取总则概括规定与分则具体规定相结合的立法模式,明确单位犯罪未遂处罚的范围;增设处罚犯罪单位的刑罚方法并对罚金刑进行改革;构建我国的单位缓刑制度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Unit attempted crime belongs to unit crime and criminal attempt at the same time. At present, people pay more attention to unit crime and criminal attempt in theory and practice. But they hold silent to unit attempted crime. However, unit attempted crime has enormous research value. So this dissertation mainly discusses unit attempted crime to make up the scarcity.Besides for foreword and conclusion, the dissertation includes four parts: Part one is on unit attempted crime’s definition and constitution characters. The author considers that unit attempted crime is a kind of inchoate conformation and the unit has implemented criminality but failed beyond its will in direct intention crime. Based on the definition, we can conclude four characters on unit attempted crime: First, unit attempted crime only exists in direct intention crime; Second, the unit has implemented criminality; Third, the criminality is failed; Fourth, the failure is beyond the unit’s will.Part two is on the existed ground of unit attempted crime. In the theory, we can find the ground from Marxism, the definition of crime in our criminal law and the theory on criminal constitution. In the law, we can find the ground from Charter and Criminal law and conclude that unit attempted crime is completely coincident with relative regulation.Part three is on the investigated duty of unit attempted crime. This part mainly discusses the range and principle of the investigated duty. Firstly, based on the society harm, to crime’s characters, the investigated duty’s range should exclude consequence crime which need harm result, plot crime and aggravating crime. To subject, the range should be strictly limited in the leader who has direct relation with unit attempted crime. Secondly, the principles mainly involve legal charge and punishment; investigating individual duty; charges applicable to punishment; restrain; combining punish unit crime and criminal attempt and so on.Part four is on perfect legislation of unit attempted crime. We discuss the ground of perfect legislation from necessity and possibility. And we advance some suggestions that involve remanding relative regulation to definite not only nature person can commit crime but also the unit can do; adopting legislation mode of the general and special provision of criminal law to definite the punishment range of unit attempted crime; setting up new penalties and reforming fines; designing the system of the unit probation.更多还原