【作者】 陈灿；

【导师】 洪伟； 吴承祯；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 生态学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究应用景观生态学的原理结合孔性、连通性研究方法和地统计方法对福州市五个行政区的绿地结构和异质性进行了量化研究，包括：城市绿地主要树种、树种的胸径分布、树高等级、健康等级、重要值和多样性、主要树种间的关联度以及绿地斑块大小分布、周长分布、斑块的孔性、连通性、边缘密度、优势度、斑块的地统计学特性等。研究结果如下： (1)运用遥感影像处理和外业调查相结合的方法，获得福州市2005年的绿地现状图，采用AUTOCAD软件进行矢量化，并通过该软件自带的功能计算绿地斑块的面积、周长以及统计斑块的数量。 (2)应用统计学的方法，选用样地树种的株数、树高、胸径、冠幅等为指标研究了福州市绿地的物种结构。单从数量上看，物种主要集中在少数的几种植物上，它们构成了城市绿地的主要树种。从整体趋势来说，不论是物种数还是个体数与高度和胸径的关系都是：高度8m以下，胸径30cm以下，随着高度和胸径的增加物种数和个体数也相应的增加，超过了，则二者均很快的下降。平均冠幅也较小。这表明，目前福州城市绿地结构还未达到最佳状态，随着时间的推移生态效益会更加明显的表现出来。 (3)运用生长指数模型对福州市城市绿地树种的健康状况进行研究，获得各树种的综合表现，并进行关联性分析，结合Jaccard定量修正系数绘制树种的星座关联图，最终确定福州城市绿地的参考基调树种和骨干树种，提出了7种与实际表现较相符的树种组合。 (4)运用树种叶面积与叶面积指数、物种多样性指数、物种重要值、优势度指数等参数量化地描述城市绿地树种结构的特征。选用斑块的周长、面积、密度指数、边缘指数、分维度、多样性指数、优势度指数、均匀度指数对福州市绿地斑块进行了量化研究。结果显示，城市绿地斑块显示出了棋盘状格局，然而无论从总体面积，还是数量上都达不到与城市发展规模相适应的要求。 (5)利用景观生态学中的景观本底的孔性原理，对福州市绿地斑块的孔性进行研究。孔性与本底二者呈出一种此消彼长的态势，在以硬质铺砖为本底的城市当中，绿地斑块以孔的形式出现，孔性越强表明绿地生态效益越大。本研究运用滑箱运算法(滑箱采样共有13种不同尺度)对相应的孔隙度指数进行计算，结果反映出福州市绿地斑块分布上具有较强的随机性，因此，在今后的绿地规划和建设中可有意识的加强分布格局控制。 (6)运用连通性模型对福州市绿地斑块进行了分析，发现在整体连通性偏低的情况下，附属绿地相对较好，仓山区和晋安区的连通性略高于其它行政区。 (7)运用地统计学中的半方差理论，从福州市绿地现状图上进行采样获取随机变量，绘制半方差函数图，并进行了各向同性和各向异性的有基台值的线性模型、球状模型、指数模型，高斯模型的拟合，显著性检验以及确定相应的分形维数。数更多还原

【Abstract】 The structure and heterogeneity of urban green space in the five districts in Fuzhou , which included the main tree species with diameter at breast height(DBH) distribution, height class, health class, importance value, relation and the green space patches with areas distribution, perimeter distribution, porosity, connectivity, marginal density, dominance, the characteristics of geo-statistics and so on, were studied in quantification by the use of the principle of landscape ecology combining with the method of studying porosity and connectivity and geo-statistics. The following results were achieved:1) The 2005 greenbelt status quo map in Fuzhou was got by the combining use of processing remote sensing image and field investigation. Then the map was changed into the type of vector. The patch area, perimeter and quantity were calculated by the inner function of AUTOCAD.2) Based on the method of statistics, the structure of urban green space in Fuzhou were studied according to the indexes of quantity, height, DBH, canopy of tree species in the major quadrats. The main trees were some minority species in the angle of number. The relation between the species, individuals and height, DBH was that the latter increased along with the former while the height was less than 8 m and DBH was less than 30 cm in major trend however declined fast while the critical points was passed. The even limbs of trees were small comparatively. This showed that: the structure of urban green space had not been the best so far, and the ecology benefit would be more evident in the process of time.3) The trees’ health situation of urban green space in Fuzhou was studied according to the model of growing index, and the comprehensive manifestations were used to analyze the relation among trees. And the Correlation constellation of main trees was protracted combining with the formula of Jaccard quantitative coefficient of correction. At last, the reference keynote and skeleton tree species was confirmed, and 7 tree combinations fitting the practice manifestations were presented.4) The tree specie characteristic of urban green space was described in quantification by the use of the indexes such as: leaf area, leaf area index, specie diversity, specie importance value and dominance. And the greenbelts were studied in quantification by the use of the greenbelt perimeter, area, density index, edge index, fractal dimension, diversity, dominance, evenness. The results indicated that the greenbelts were in the type of chess, however, it could not meet the requirement of the development dimensions neither in total areas nor in quantity.5) Based on the porosity and background principle of landscape ecology, the porosity of greenbelts were studied. Porosity and background were in reverse in area. The greenbelt was in the type of hole as cities were in the background of pavement surface. The stronger the porosity was, the bigger the ecology benefit was. The porosity index was calculated by the moderate method (13 different scales was taken). The results reflected that the distribution of greenbelt in Fuzhou was strongly random. So the distribution pattern should be controlled更多还原