【作者】 曹阳；

【导师】 金海国； 张嘉保；

【作者基本信息】 延边大学 ， 动物遗传育种与繁殖， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文对松辽黑猪的染色体核型和血液蛋白(酶)多态性进行了研究。通过染色体核型和显带分析，为研究松辽黑猪起源进化、品种形成和基因定位提供细胞遗传学方面的基础数据；利用血液蛋白(酶)多态性分析松辽黑猪的遗传多样性，评价了松辽黑猪的遗传变异程度，并对其蛋白多态性与部分生产性能的关系进行了探讨，为畜禽遗传资源的合理保护和利用提供了细胞遗传学和血液蛋白多态性方面的客观依据和背景资料，并发现了与生产性能相连锁的遗传标记可应用于辅助选择。 采用外周血淋巴细胞培养技术、常规染色体制片技术和染色体C-分带、G-分带技术，对松辽黑猪(公母各5头)的染色体核型和C-带、G-带进行了研究。结果表明，松辽黑猪的二倍体染色体数目2n=38，公猪核型为2n=38，XY；母猪为2n=38，XX。常染色体分为4组：A组(Sm)，1-4号，为亚中部着丝点染色体；B组(St)，为亚端部着丝点染色体，5—6号；C组(m)，7～12号，为中部着丝点染色体；D组(t)，13-18号，为端部着丝点染色体。常染色体相对长度的变化范围为11.24％～2.46％，X染色体的相对长度为5.21％，Y染色体的相对长度为2.07％；着丝点指数、臂比指数的变化范围分别为23.04％～46.95％和1.16％～3.42％；X、Y染色体的臂比值分为1.58和1.31，在1.0～1.7范围内，应属于C(m)中部着丝粒染色体；X、Y染色体的着丝点指数分别为40.85和42.99。 C带带型具有多态性，与已报道的家猪的C带多态性相类似；松辽黑猪的G带带型与其他猪种相比，没有明显的差异。 采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)法检测了松辽黑猪28个样本的13个血清蛋白(酶)位点，结果表明：除Alb、Pa2、Cp为单态外，Pa1、Po1、Po2、Tf、Ptf、Akp、Hpx、Am1、Am2、Es均存在多态性，分别受2—4个等位基因控制。卡方检验结果表明，Pa1、Pa2、Ptf、Akp不处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态，其余的Po1、P02、Tf、Aml、Am2、Hpx、Es都处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。松更多还原

【Abstract】 Caryotype and blood protein polymorphism in Songliao Black pig was studied in this paper. It was to provide basic data of cytogenetics for origin, evolution and gene location of Songliao black pig by caryotype and banding. The genetic diversity and genetic variation of Songliao Black pig was evaluated by blood protein polymorphism, the association of protein polymorphism and productivity were investigated. At the same time, this study will provide extensive theoretic bases to protect Songliao Black pig genetic resourses, and some makers for Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) which is correlated with productivity were found.The karyotype, C-banding and G-banding of Songliao Black pig (5(?),5(?)) were studied with peripheral blood lymphocyte culture. The results showed as follows: The diploid chromosome number of Songliao black swine were 2n=38, the karyotype of male was 2n=38, XY; while the female were 2n=38, XX. The autosomes were divided into 4 groups: the No.1-No.4 of group A were submetacentric chromosomes (Sm), the No.5-No.6 of group B were subtelocentric chromosomes (St), the No.7-No.12 of group C were metacentric chromosomes (m), the No.13-No.18 of group D were telocentnc chromosomes (Sm). The relative length of autosomes ranged from 11.24% to 2.46% in Songliao black pig. The relative length of X chromosome in Songliao black pig was 5.21%. The relative length of Y chromosome in was Songliao black pig 2.07%. The range of variation of the centromeric index and arm ratio are 23.04%～46.95% and 1.16%～3.42% respectively. The arm ratio of X chromosome and Y chromosome are 1.58 and 1.31, in scopes of 1.0～1.7, so it belongs middle centromere chromosome. The centromeric index of X chromosome and Y chromosome are 40.85 and 42.99 respectively.更多还原