【作者】 王琳；

【导师】 谢志仁；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 当前城市中出现的包括环境在内的各种问题，很大程度上是由于不合理的景观生态格局所造成的。运用景观生态学的理论和方法对城市的景观空间格局进行研究，可以有效地揭示城市生态状况及空间变异特征，把握景观空间格局的演变过程与驱动力，从而为景观生态安全评价和景观生态规划提供有效的依据。 南通市处于沿海经济带与长江经济带T型结构的交汇点，在区位条件、投资环境和增长潜力上都具有独特的优势。近些年来，南通市的城市发展步伐明显加快。随着经济的发展和人类活动的强化，城市景观的变化比较突出。在城市和乡村交接地带，城镇扩张明显，而城市生态基础设施的建设仍然比较落后，城市空间结构和土地利用不够合理，主城区发展缺少生态空间。此外，耕地减少和生态敏感区的保护问题也比较严峻。因此，运用景观生态学原理和方法，对该地区进行景观格局动态变化分析和景观生态规划研究，对整个城市复合生态系统实现良性运作是非常必要和有意义的。 本文采用理论研究与案例研究相结合的思路，在评述国内外城市景观格局和景观生态规划理论方法及其最新进展的基础上，以南通市为案例研究区，对其1986～2000年的景观格局变化特征进行了分析，并对其驱动机制进行了初步探讨，在景观格局优化原则的指导下，对南通市景观生态规划有关景观格局规划、绿地系统建设规划、文化保护和建设规划等三个主要问题进行了初步研究。 本文的主要研究成果是： 1．在城市景观格局分析方面，本文对南通市域范围内的景观类型进行了划分，在景观水平和景观斑块水平上选择17个景观指标对1986～2000年15年间南通市的景观格局进行了分析，获得了以下三点认识： (1)研究区各种斑块类型在1986～2000年间发生了十分复杂的相互转换，各类景观要素均呈现不尽相同的变化趋势。其中，水田和旱地面积下降幅度最大，主要转变为城镇用地和居民点用地；草地面积也有所减少，转换成旱地、水域和农村居民点用地；水域也有一部分转化为草地。 (2)景观格局变化的总体状况是斑块破碎化程度下降，优势斑块类型在景观中的面积比例减少，斑块形状趋于复杂，景观受到各种干扰加强，斑块大小趋于均匀；同时，景观的空间连接性下降，斑块分布更为分散，景观多样性水平提高，异质化程度增高，土地利用向着多样化和均匀化的方向发展。 (3)导致南通市景观格局发生变化的主要驱动力是人文驱动因子，包括社会经济的发展、居民的意愿和行为、政策调控和决策因素等。 2．在城市景观生态规划研究方面，本文根据城市景观格局优化和规划的一般原则和方法，从以下三方面对南通市的景观生态规划提出了一些思路和设想： (1)提出了南通市域景观格局规划框架，该框架以最终形成一个多层次的点、线、块、面相结合的景观优化格局体系为目标，包括有3级生态廊道体系、2级生态节点、4个生态敏感区和农田基质的具体建设意见。 (2)提出了南通市区绿地系统景观生态建设思路，该思路包括6个方面的建议，即：注重自然生态效应、融入城市自然与文化特色、合理布局市区绿地斑块与廊道、建设非机动车绿色通道、开放专用绿地、突出濠河景观建设。 (3)提出了南通城市文化保护和建设设想，该设想强调了文化保护与建设并举的基本思路，在分析南通城市文化三大特色的基础上，对南通城市景观生态建设中文化的保护和建设提出了6点具体建议。 本文从景观生态学的视角，探索了20世纪80年代中期以来快速城市化背景下南通市景观格局动态变化及其优化规划的思路，其研究成果能为同类城市的景观生态规划研究提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 The emergence of many city problems, including environmental issues, is largely caused by the irrational landscape ecological pattern. Using the theories and methods of landscape ecology to analyse the landscape spatial patterns may effectively reveal the characters of the ecological conditions and spatial variations in the city. It helps to trace the process of the dynamic changes of landscape spatial pattern and it’s driving forces. Thus, it provides an effective basis for landscape ecological safety assessment and landscape ecological planning.Nantong locates at the cross of the coastal economic belt and the Yangtze River economic belt. It has unique advantages in its location condition, investment environment and growth potential. In recent years, Nantong has obviously accelerated the pace of urban development. Along with the economic development and the strengthening of human activity, changes in the urban landscape are quite prominent. In the urban and rural ecotone, the urban expands obviously, its ecological infrastructure remains relatively lagging behind the others, and the urban spatial structure and land use are not so reasonable while the urban development lack the ecological spaces. Furthermore, the reduction of arable land and the protection of ecologically sensitive areas are more severe. Therefore, using landscape ecology principles and methods to analyse the dynamic changes of landscape pattern and perform research on landscape ecological planning is necessary and meaningful to the maintenance of healthy functioning of the urban complex ecosystem.This paper involves theoretical research and case study. On the basis of narrating and commenting the domestic and foreign cities’ landscape patterns and landscape ecological planning, Nantong is adopted as a case study area. The paper analyses the characteristics of landscape pattern changes in 1986-2000, and then carry on a preliminary discussion on its driving forces. Following the instruction of landscape pattern optimization, the paper also discusses three major problems in Nantong city. The three aspects are: landscape pattern planning, green space system construction and culture preservation and construction.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:1. In landscape pattern analysis, the paper has made a division of landscape patterns in the district of Nantong and chooses 17 landscape indexes to analyse the changes of landscape patterns. In this aspect, three main results have been achieved:(1)All types of patches in the case areas change complicatedly from 1986 to 2000, and different types have different trends. Among the changes, paddy field and glebe area have the sharpest decline in percentage of land, most of which have turn into urban areas and rural residential areas; grass land also reduced into glebe area, water areas and rural residential areas; some of the water areas transform into grass land.(2)The overall situation of changes in landscape pattern is the fragmentation degree drops, the area of predominate type reduces, the structure of landscape become complicated, the shape of landscape also become complicated, the interference of landscape strengthened , the size trends to be more even. Meanwhile, the space connectivity reduced, the level of landscape diversity raised, the heterogeneous degree increased, the land use turns toward diversification and evenness(3)The main driving forces leading to the changes of landscape pattern in Nantong areas are更多还原