【作者】 赵军；

【导师】 张谊生；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文主要探讨汉语极性程度副词及其相关问题。除前言和结论外，共分为三个部分。 第一章着重探讨了极性程度副词对三大类实词及其短语的选择限制，从而总结出可被极性程度副词修饰的三大类实词及其短语在语义上的共性：具有无界的性状义。当然，极性程度副词内部各词在与三大类实词及其短语搭配时也存在着自由度不同的一面。同时，在组配模式上，极性程度副词与被饰成分所形成的格式主要有前置、后置以及双重等三种类型。 第二章通过分析两组极性程度副词的语法化过程，可以推知，在虚化机制上，极性程度副词一般都是在“泛化”、“隐喻”以及“相邻句位”等的作用下形成的。在彻底完成“一度虚化”以后，即成为程度副词之后，它们的组配能力逐步增强，表现为三大类实词及其短语的部分次类都能接受极性程度副词的修饰。在组配功能不断拓展的同时，单音节极性程度副词却又向语素化方向发展。在此基础上，相对极性程度副词的虚化并没有结束，而是在主观化的影响下继续进行，最终产生绝对极性程度副词“最”与“顶”。这属于“二度虚化”。可见，极性程度副词的发展完全体现了累积与排挤、派生与分化、保守性与不平衡性的演化规律。 第三章对选取的若干极性程度副词的内部差异进行了探讨。研究发现，相对程度副词“最”和相对程度副词“顶”的差异主要表现在句法和表达两方面，绝对程度副词“极”和绝对程度副词“至”在句法、语体、韵律以及组配位置等方面存在明显的个性特征，原式程度副词“最”与重叠式程度副词“最最”的不同体现为搭配选择、度量准值以及语气强度上的相异性。如此差异的形成与极性程度副词不同的虚化程度、不同的运用场合以及人们使用语言的心理因素等都息息相关，密不可分。更多还原

【Abstract】 This dissertation mainly focuses on the highest degree adverbs in Mandarin and its corresponding questions. Besides the foreword and the conclusion, it is divided into three chapters:Chapter one emphatically discusses selectional restriction of the highest degree adverbs to the three kinds of full words and its phrases, and summarizes the semantic general character of three kinds of full word and its phrases that can be modified by the highest degree adverbs: unbounded sense of quality and state. Certainly, each word of the highest degree adverbs when matching with three kind of full words and its phases is different in the degree of freedom. At the same time, the pattern that is formed by the highest degree adverbs combined with the modified component involves three kinds: fronting, postposing and double one on the tactic mode.Chapter two analyzes the grammaticalization process of two groups of the highest degree adverbs. As we know, in the grammaticalization mechanism, the highest degree adverbs are all formed as a result of "generalization", "metaphor" as well as "adjacent context". After completing thoroughly "first grammaticalization", they become degree adverbs, their tactic ability strengthen gradually, that is to say, they can modify and qualify some sub-categories of three kinds of full words and its phrases. At the same time, with the tactic ability strengthening the monosyllabic highest degree adverbs develop to the morpheme. Based on this factor, the grammaticalization of the relative highest degree adverbs don’t ended, but are under the influence of the subjectivisation to carry on, finally the absolute highest degree adverbs "zui₂⁵¹" and "ding₂²¹⁴" come into being. This belongs to "second grammaticalization". Obviously, the development of the highest degree adverbs manifests the laws of grammaticalization: accumulation and supplanting, derivation and division, conservativeness and imbalance.Chapter three explores internal differences of the some selected highest degree adverbs. The research discovers that the difference between the relative degree adverb "zui⁵¹" and the relative degree adverb "ding²¹⁴" lies in the syntax and expression. The absolute degree adverb "ji³⁵" and the absolute degree adverb "zhi⁵¹" have the various characters in the syntax, genre, prosody, tactic position and so on. The original degree adverb "zui⁵¹" differs from the reduplicative "zui⁵¹-zui⁵¹" in the aspect of the tactic selection, semantic value and modal intensity. The formation of such differences are all closely linked with different degrees of grammaticalization, the different occasion of utilization as well as human’s psychological factors of using language.更多还原