【作者】 金梦阳；

【导师】 吴文彬； 刘列钊； 李加纳；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 植物学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 甘蓝型油菜（Brassica napus L.）是世界重要油料作物，构建一张永久高密度的遗传连锁图谱对推动油菜育种工作的发展将具有重大意义。本研究构建了甘蓝型油菜分子遗传图谱并进行重要农艺性状的QTL定位。主要结果如下： 1．以甘蓝型黑籽双低油菜P₁₇₄和甘蓝型黄籽油菜GH₀₆杂交衍生来的F_2:6家系的188个株系为作图群体，构建了一张包含19个连锁群，300个标记位点的甘蓝型油菜遗传连锁图谱，包括202个SRAP标记、65个SSR标记，23个AFLP标记和10个TRAP标记，图谱总长度1248.5cM，标记间平均距离为4.16cM。连锁群长度变动在39.5（LG9）～109.2cM（LG1）之间，群内平均图距在1.80～14.20cM之间，LG12平均图距最大，LG6的平均图距最小。LG1包含的标记数最多，有56个；标记最少的连锁群（LG17、LG19）只有4个。在整个图谱上，存在图距大于20cM的空隙6个。 2．图谱上300个标记位点的基因型分离统计结果表明，有97个位点不符合孟德尔理论分离比（P＜0.01），占32.33％；标记的分离分析发现，来源于两个亲本的标记座位在群体中分离比例接近，基本符合1:1的理论分离比，表明该图谱未出现严重的偏分离。本研究首次将SRAP及TRAP标记引入甘蓝型油菜遗传连锁图谱的构建，结果表明这两种标记在甘蓝型油菜遗传图谱的构建上是一种良好的标记系统。 3．利用该图谱，通过软件Windows QTL Cartographer V2.5的复合区间作图法对所考察甘蓝型油菜的种子含油量、蛋白质含量、皮壳率、种皮色泽、种皮木质素含量、千粒重及单株产量七个性状进行QTL定位研究。取LOD临界值为2.0，共获得QTLs位点三十一个，分别位于LG1、LG2、LG3、LG4、LG5、LG6、LG8、LG9、LG11、LG15、LG16十一个不同的连锁群上，单位点遗传贡献率3.51％～14.66％，其中贡献率大于10％的QTLs三个。三十一个QTLs的LOD值介于2.1～7.4之间。 1)与蛋白质含量有关的QTLs七个，命名Pro1～Pro7，位于LG1、LG4、LG8、LG11、LG15五个不同的连锁群上，LOD值介于2.1～7.4之间，单位点解释表型变异3.51％～14.66％，其中Pro7的遗传贡献率最大。Pro5和Pro6两个位点显示负的加性效应，其余五个位点均为正加性效应。 2)控制种子含油量的QTLs位点七个，命名Oil1～Oil7，分布于LG2、LG5、LG6、LG8、LG9五个不同的连锁群上，LOD值介于2.2～5.6之间，单位点解释表型变异3.73％～10.46％，Oil3对种子含油量的贡献率最大。七个位点中，Oil4和Oil5两个位点表现负加性效应，其余五个位点表现正加性效应。 3)单株产量共检测到六个QTLs：Spy1～Spy6。Spy1位于LG1上，解释表型变异3.92％，LOD值2.1；Spy6位于LG15上，解释表型变异4.74％，LOD值为2.5；Spy2和Spy3位于LG6上，LOD值分别为2.9、3.8，单位点解释表型变异6.21％、7.56％；Spy4和Spy5位于更多还原

【Abstract】 Brassica napus L. is one of the most important oil crops in the world, and the linkage map construction is meaningful for the development of rape breeding program. In this research, a genetic linkage map of Brassica napus L. was constructed and the QTL of seven important agronomic traits was analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows:1. Based on the recombinant inbred line population (F_2:6) with 188 lines derived from the cross of GH₀₆×P₁₄₇ （yellow-seeded line crossed with black-seeded line of B. napus L.） , a genetic linkage map of Brassica napus L. （2n=38） was constructed, which was made up of 19 linkage groups, including 202 SRAP markers, 65 SSR markers, 23 AFLP markers and 10 TRAP markers, covering 1248.5cM in total with an average interval of 4.16cM between adjacent loci. As for the different linkage groups, the length varied from LG1 of 109.2 cM to LG9 of 39.5 cM, the number of markers varied from 4 （LG17、 LG19） to 56 （LG1） and the average marker interval distance varied from 1.80cM （LG6） to 14.20cM （LG12） , and moreover, 6 gaps larger than 20cM were observed in the 19 linkage groups.2. Among the 300 markers on the linkage map, the majority （67.67%） of the markers showed 1:1 segregation for the two parental alleles （P < 0.01） and the remaining 32.33% （97 markers） deviated from the expected 1:1 ratio, showing distortion in the segregation values. The segregation analysis of each marker indicated that the number of markers came from male parent and female parent was close, and not deflected to either parent. It concluded that the population has no obvious distorted segregation in general.3. Composite interval mapping method of Windows QTL Cartographer V2.5 was employed in QTL analysis of seven agronomical traits including seed oil content, protein content, hull content, seed coat color, seed coat lignin content, 1000-seeds weight and sigle plant yield in Brassica napus L. A total of thirty-one QTLs were mapped on eleven linkage groups for the seven triats with LOD>2.0. Phenotypic variation explained by the single putative QTL varied from 3.51% to 14.66 % with 3 QTLs were higher than 10 %, and the LOD score ranged from 2.1 to 7.4.1) A total of seven QTLs （Pro1^Pro7） affecting protein content were detected in five different linkage groups including LG1 、 LG4、LG8、 LG11 and LG15, explaining 3.51 %¹4.66% of the phenotypic variation. Pro7 had the highest contribution. Pro5 and Pro6 showed negative additive effect, while the others showed positive additive effect. The LOD score of seven QTLs varied from 2.1 to 7.4.2) Seven QTLs （Oil1^Oil7） locating on five different linkage groups including LG2、LG5、 LG6、LG8 and LG9 were found to be responsible for seed oil content with the single contribution to更多还原