我国生态补偿法律制度研究

【作者】 王良海；

【导师】 曹明德；

【作者基本信息】 西南政法大学 ， 经济法学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 由于生态环境的公共品和公有资源属性，在生态环境养护上搭便车现象严重。以致长期以来，生态服务和生态产品“无价”或“低价”的现象十分普遍，这严重损害了“代价付出者”的积极性。反映在现实中是：生态环境日益恶化和自然资源的极大浪费与破坏。若不从法律制度上加以解决，会影响我国可持续发展战略的成功实施和“和谐社会”的建设。 生态补偿制度是解决生态环境问题的产物。起初，中外对环境污染治理多采用政府买单的方式，实际上是把污染者的治理责任转移给了全体纳税人，既没体现生态环境资源的价值，又违背了社会公平原则，不能有效遏制生态环境污染和生态破坏。一些环境法学者提出应将生态环境问题的外部性“内部化”。1972年，经济合作与发展组织(OECD)理事会首先提出了“污染者付费”，提出由污染者承担治理的费用，很多国家把其确定为环境法的一项基本原则。该原则在环境法上的具体化、制度化是生态补偿在法律上的重要表现形式之一。 近年来，国内学者多从生态学、经济学、法学等角度对流域生态补偿、森林生态补偿等进行研究，已取得一些研究成果，但研究工作还有待深入：生态补偿的基础理论研究薄弱，仅仅“污染者付费”显然不能解决生态环境问题；对生态环境价值的认识不足，特别是需要从生态法的角度对生态补偿制度进行优化设计与安排展开进一步的探讨。本文从生态补偿的概念出发，对生态补偿的性质、理论基础、构成等进行了分析，目的是希望深化生态补偿的理论认识，夯实其应对生态环境问题合理性与正当性基础；其次，对我国现有生态补偿制度的依据进行了梳理；最后，针对现有生态补偿中法律制度的缺失，尝试着从总体的角度对完善我国生态补偿制度提供一点自己的思路，并作了初步研究。全文共分为四个部分，约4.3万字，祈望能为建立和完善我国生态补偿法律制度提供一些参考。 第一部分 生态补偿的一般理论 本部分主要是研究生态补偿及其制度的一般理论。笔者从生态补偿的定义、立足点、目的、性质等多个角度对生态补偿进行论述，以期对生态补偿的内涵有所厘清。然后进一步分析了生态补偿制度得以建立的理论基础和生态补偿制度的构成，为随后进行我国生态补偿制度研究奠下基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Because the public article or publicly-owned resources attribute of the ecological environment, the phenomenon of hitchhiking is serious, for a long time, ecological service or product" priceless "and " low price " have been seeing everywhere. This seriously harmed the enthusiasm of" person who pays cost ",If does not solve from legal system ,it will influence the construction of" harmonious society" and success implementing of the sustainable development strategy of our country.This text proceeds from concept of ecological compensation, has analyzed the properties of ecological compensation, theoretical foundation, constitution, etc., then combed the basis of the ecological compensation system of our country; and analyzed the legal disappearance in the existing ecological compensation system, Finally, I try to get my own thinking of construction out of the ecological compensation system of our country in terms of totality. The text is divided into four parts altogether, about 43,000 characters, I hope that it can offer some reference for setting up and improving the legal system of ecological compensation of our country. Part I General theory of ecological compensationI have expounded the intension of ecological compensation from a lot of ways such as the definition, foothold, purpose, property of ecological compensation, then further analyzed the theoretical foundation of the ecological compensation system being set up, finally, expound the fact of the composition of ecological compensation, carry on ecological compensation system of our country study and establish the sturdy theoretical foundation. Main view: The ecological compensation is to maintain a good ecological environment which is the basis of humanity’s survival and development. The ecological environment is the foothold of ecological compensation; Ecological compensation has dual character of purposes: It is fair to realize ecological justice and human ecological interests; The properties of ecological compensation are that social members enjoy the paying of economic cost of ecological environmental更多还原