城市水资源承载能力计算及应用研究

【作者】 马军霞；

【导师】 吴泽宁；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 水利工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 水，是生命的源泉，是人类生存的命脉，又是自然环境的重要组成部分，是可持续发展的基础条件。城市是人类高强度活动区域，随着城市化进程的快速发展，人口急剧增长，工业规模扩大，生活水平提高，用水量和排污量日益增加，资源和环境的承载能力对城市发展的约束日益引起人们的普遍关注。城市可持续发展如何与城市资源环境承载力相协调，不仅关系到城市自身未来的命运，也关系到其周边地区能否顺利实现可持续发展目标。我国一半以上城市的发展受到水资源短缺及水环境污染的制约。因此，对城市水资源承载力进行研究，不仅理论意义重大，且更具有紧迫的现实意义。 本文在参阅大量文献的基础上，介绍了国内外水资源承载能力的研究现状，指出了研究中存在的主要问题及今后发展趋势；分析了城市水问题及其形成机制、城市水文特征、城市水资源系统及其特点，研究了城市水资源承载能力计算模型。城市水资源承载能力的研究是本文的核心部分。本文详细研究了城市水资源承载能力的概念及计算模型和求解方法，总结了提高水资源承载能力的措施和途径。 在以上研究的基础上，本文以郑州市为实例进行了应用研究。在收集大量资料的基础上，应用上述计算方法预测了郑州市2010、2015、2020、2025年及2030年的社会经济指标和需水量；计算了郑州市地表水资源量、地下水资源量、水资源总量和水资源可利用量。在此基础上，计算了郑州市上述五个规划水平年三个不同方案下的水资源承载能力。通过对这三个方案进行比较，推荐了提高该市水资源承载能力的最优方案。结果分析表明，本文所建立的模拟模型和方法是合理可行的，研究结果可为郑州市水资源规划和管理提供参考依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water is the source of life, the precious and indispensable resources on which mankind and all the living things rely for existence, the basic element of the ecological environment, the important conditions of normal running of the life systems and the non-life environment systems, and the important natural resources and material foundations for the national or regional economic construction and social development. Urban is high intensity activity district of humanity. With the rapid development of the urbanization process, urban population increases sharply, industrial scale is expanded, the living standard improves, and the amount of water consumption and sewerage increase. Therefore, the problems of restriction to city progress from carrying capacity of natural resources and evironment is paid more and more attention. How to coordinate the relationship among carrying capacity of natural resources and evironment and urban sustainable development? It has a bearing on not only future fortune of urban, but also whether its surroundings achieve successfully aim of sustainable development. In China, more than a half of urban development is being restricted by water resources shortage and water environment pollution, so the research about carrying capacity of urban water resources is of momentous theory significance and urgent current significance.Based on reviewing a large number of references, the research situation and prospect of water resources carrying capacity have been introduced in the paper. The water problems existing in city and their formed mechanism, urban hydrology characteristics, urban water resources system and its characteristics, and calculating model have been discussed also in the paper. The research of urban water resources carrying capacity is the key parts in the paper. The concept, characteristics, influence factors and calculating model and solving method of urban water resources are researched in detail. On the basis, the measures and ways of improving the water resources carrying capacity are summarized.To verify the models and methods presented above, they are applied to the city of Zhengzhou. On the basis of collecting the data about society, economy and hydrology, etc, the social economic indexes and water demands of 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025, 2030 are forecasted. The quantity of surface water and ground water, water resources gross and its available quantity of these years are calculated. On the basis of these, water resources carrying capacities of five planning years under three schemes are calculated. Through comparing the results of the three schemes, the best scheme which can improve water resources carrying capacity of Zhengzhou is recommended. The results indicate that the model and method are reasonable. Meanwhile, the calculating results and analyzing conclusions may offer reference for water resources planning and management of Zhengzhou.更多还原