胁从犯若干问题研究

【作者】 王峰；

【导师】 马松建；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 刑法学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 胁从犯是我国刑法中特有的共同犯罪的种类，本文主要从胁从犯的概念、独立地位、成立条件、认定等方面展开论述。 全文共分六个部分。第一部分简要介绍了胁从犯的立法沿革。从古代的“胁从可赦”到解放战争时期的“胁从不问”，再到现在的“减轻或免除处罚”。胁从犯的立法是随着刑事政策的变化而变化的，主要是出于分化犯罪人的需要。 第二部分界定了胁从犯的概念。受胁迫犯罪人与胁从犯是两个不同的概念，胁从犯只是受胁迫犯罪人的一种，受胁迫犯罪人可以成为主犯、从犯或者胁从犯，而胁从犯的最本质的特征是在共同犯罪中起的作用比较小。胁从犯是独立共同犯罪人，其哲学理论基础是相对自由意志的学说；其伦理学依据是道德信念与物质利益两种价值取向冲突中的一种平衡；其刑罚依据是实现刑罚目的需要。 第三部分主要论述了胁从犯的成立条件。胁从犯的行为是次要实行行为或辅助行为，危害行为指向的是第三者的利益。胁从犯不仅能认识到自己行为的危害性而且还能认识到其行为的危害结果。其意志因素既可以是希望也可以是放任。就胁迫性条件而言，胁迫必须能够达到抑制其一定意志自由的程度，胁迫应有一定强度；胁迫必须真实存在；胁迫具有一定的现实性；胁迫的对象既可以是受胁迫者本人，还可以是与之有密切关系的人或者亲属，在一定的条件下，还可以是陌生人；最主要的是胁迫是否对胁从犯造成了心理上的恐惧，这是认定胁迫的关键。 第四部分论述国外受胁迫犯罪的立法概况。一类是英美法系国家，将受胁迫犯罪作为一种合法辩护理由；另一类是在大陆法系国家中，将受胁迫犯罪作为阻却违法或有责的事由。英美法系的合法辩护理由和大陆法系的阻却违法、阻却责任事由表明国家对受胁迫犯罪并不是一味的谴责，而我国对胁从犯的处罚则表明了国家对胁从犯的否定性评价。 第五部分胁从犯的认定主要说明胁从犯与不可抗力、紧急避险的区分。胁从犯与不可抗力之间区别的关键在于行为人的意志能否支配自己的行动；胁从更多还原

【Abstract】 Accomplice under duress is a special classification of joint offender in China criminal law .This article tries to discuss the conception 、 independent status、 the establishment condition 、 factors of accomplice under duress.The full text altogether divides six parts. The first part briefly introduces accomplice under duress’s legislation evolution. The coerce into following may be the amnesty excuse coerced followers from the ancient times to the war of liberation times reduces or avoids the punishment again to the present. Accomplice under duress ’s legislation changes along with the criminal policy change, mainly is stems from splits up criminal.The second part defines conception of accomplice under duress and thinks accomplice under duress and duress are different.It is wrong to think that the accomplice under duress is not an independent joint offender and it can solve these problems if it is a measurement. The smaller affection is the special feature of accomplice under duress. The accomplice under duress is a independent joint offender. Its philosophy rationale is the relative free will theory; Its ethics basis is one kind of balance between the moral faith and in the material interest; Its penalty basis realizes the penalty goal need.The third part mainly elaborates accomplice under duress ’s tenable condition. Accomplice under duress ’s behavior is the secondary implementation behavior and the assistance behavior, the harm behavior direction is third party’s benefit. Accomplice under duress not only is able to realize his behavior hazardous nature moreover also can realize its behavior harm result. Its will factor already may be the hope also may be the laissez faire. Speaking of the forcing condition, forces must be able to achieve suppresses its certain freedom of will the degree, forces should have the certain intensity; Forces must really exist; Forces has the certain feasibility; Forces the object already may be forcing myself, but also may be the human or the relative which has the close relation with it, under certain condition, but also may be更多还原