氧化钙基耐火材料的结构与性能

【作者】 古瑞琴；

【导师】 钟香崇； 王乃荣；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 材料学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文在氧化钙（CaO）材料中引入CeO₂、La₂O₃、Y₂O₃等添加剂，在1600℃下烧制CaO熟料，用改性熟料为原料在100MPa压力下压制CaO坯体，并在1600℃下烧制CaO制品。采用恒温恒湿法和煮沸法分别研究了几种添加剂对氧化钙熟料、生坯及制品的抗水化能力的影响。还介绍了CaO坩埚的制备及在冶炼高温合金中的应用。 添加剂对CaO熟料抗水化性影响的研究结果表明：采用CeO₂、La₂O₃、Y₂O₃三种物质为添加剂，能有效的提高CaO材料的抗水化性，其中采用CeO₂、La₂O₃为添加剂的试样的抗水化性好于采用Y₂O₃为添加剂的试样。研究还发现，采用该三种物质为添加剂，当添加剂的加入量从0.0％增加到0.6％（0.8％）时，水化后试样的增重率随添加剂加入量的增加而减小，当添加剂的加入量从0.6％（0.8％）增大到1.0％时，水化后试样的增重率随添加剂加入量的增大而增大。该三种添加剂的最佳添加量均在0.6～0.8％。 添加剂对CaO坯体及制品抗水化性影响的研究结果表明：用含有添加剂的氧化钙熟料制成的坯体空气中存放6小时水化程度远小于纯氧化钙样块，将有利于氧化钙制品的工业化规模生产。含有添加剂的CaO制品抗水化性能也好于不含添加剂的制品。 用含有添加剂的氧化钙熟料制成的样块的物理性能优于纯氧化钙熟料制成的样块。引入该三种添加剂能使氧化钙材料的结构致密，气孔变小。 此外简单介绍了氧化钙坩埚在真空感应炉中冶炼高温合金的使用情况。研究发现，用CaO坩埚冶炼高温合金与使用其它材质坩埚相比，使用效果良好。对使用后的坩埚进行EDAX分析，结果表明，CaO坩埚能净化合金中的杂质S。更多还原

【Abstract】 Calcium oxide grogs are prepared at 1600℃ using CaO raw material with CeO₂,La₂O₃, Y₂O3 added. Using those kinds of grogs, CaO briquette are made, and parts of them are sintered at 1600℃. The influence of additives on hydration resistance property of CaO grogs, CaO briquettes and products are studied by constent temperature and humidity method and boiling method. The preparation and application of CaO crucible in high temperature smelting alloy are introduced.The study result of influence of additives on hydration resistance property of CaO grogs shows that CeO₂, La₂O₃, Y₂O₃ can improve the hydration resistance property of CaO material effectively, and CeO₂, La₂O₃ are better than Y₂O₃ in improving the hydration resistance property. The weight increase ratio of samples with the three kinds of additives addition decrease gradually after hydration when the amount of additives changes from 0.0% to 0.6%（or 0.8%）, then it increases gradually when the amount of additives changes from 0.6%（or 0.8%） to 1.0%. The optimum addition of the three additives is 0.6-0.8%.The study results of influence of additives on hydration resistance property of CaO briquette and products shows that the hydration degree of briquette without additives is more serious than the briquettes with additives in air atmosphere for 6 hours. The hydration resistance property of products with additives is better than the products without additives.The physical properties of specimens made of CaO grogs with additives are better than those of specimens without additives.The CaO material with additives possesses bigger bulk density and less apparent porosity.The application of CaO crucible in high temperature smelting alloy in vacuum induction furnace was introduced. The results show that using CaO crucible in high temperature smelting alloy is better than other materials. The EDAX analysis of crucible being used shows that CaO crucible can purify sulphur in alloy .更多还原