行政问责运行机制建设研究

【作者】 胡进军；

【导师】 刘学民；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 行政管理学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 行政问责运行机制指行政问责各参与主体在一定体制背景下的权责配置，以及整个系统周而复始地持续正常工作、发挥效能的过程。它是行政问责各个方面的总和，涵盖了各参与主体的权责配置、运行规则和运行过程。行政问责运行机制是行政问责系统各部分之间相互联系和作用的状态及过程，主要由问责依据、问责主体、问责对象、问责事由、问责内容、问责方式、问责程序、问责后果等方面构成。 推进行政问责运行机制建设，有利于贯彻法治思想和责任理念，有利于全面提高行政效率，有利于整体加速政治文明发展。经过三年多的探索，我国初步建立起行政问责运行机制的框架，不但开始运行并且在实施中取得了巨大成效。但是，新生的行政问责运行机制还存在一系列问题，其主要表现有：问责主体缺乏法定明确性，异体问责相对薄弱；问责客体权责不对等，责任人的界定有失公允；问责内容缺乏法律规范，问责标准弹性过大；问责程序可操作性不强，致使问责的效能偏低；问责的法律体系尚存缺陷，缺乏强制力作为保障；配套改革不到位，缺乏良好的问责生态环境。这些问题的存在，使推进行政问责运行机制建设显得更为必要和迫切。 行政问责最早起源于西方，经过长期发展，其运行机制已相当完善；而我国香港地区，在2002年开始实施高官问责，运行中也积累了不少有益经验。西方和香港相关问责运行机制的实践经验，对我们行政问责运行机制建设很有借鉴和启发意义。推进行政问责运行机制建设，应该立足我国具体国情，在充分借鉴西方及香港实践经验的基础上，把建立法治民主、规范协调、公正高效的行政问责运行机制作为总体目标，抓好继续健全行政问责的依据、全面加强行政问责的主体、准确锁定行政问责的对象、明晰界定行政问责的事由、整体实现行政问责的内容、恰当选择行政问责的方式、着重规范行政问责的程序、强化追踪行政问责的后果等具体环节，同时开展实现真正“阳光行政”、培育新型行政文化、进行全面体制创新等配套改革。更多还原

【Abstract】 The working mechanism of administrative accountability refers to the disposition of power and responsibility of every administrative accountability participating subject under certain system background, as well as the process of the overall system operates reularly and continuously, and displays efficiency again and again. It is the sum of every administrative accountability aspect, coveres the disposition of power and responsibility of every participatiing subject, the working rules and the working process. The working mechanism of administrative accountability is the condition and process of every part of administrative accountability system, that mutually relates to each other and contracts with each other, mainly consists of accountability basis, accountability subjects, accountability objects, accountability matters, accountability content, accountability ways, accountability procedures, accountability consequence and so on.Advancing the building of administrative accountability working mechanism is advantageous to implement thoughts of rule of law and ideas of responsibility, is advantageous to enhance administrative efficiency comprehensively, is advantageous to accelerate the full-scale development of politics civilization. After more than three years’ exploration, our country has established frames of administrative accountability working mechanism initially. The newborn working mechanism has started to work, and has obtained very huge achirvements in practice. But the newborn working mechanism of administrative accountability also has some problems, their main performance includes: accountability sujects lack legal basis, foreign subjects’ accountability is relatively weak; the power and responsibility of accountability objects is not equal, the accountable person’s limiting is unfair; accountability content lacks the legal standards, the elasticity of accountability standard is oversized; accountability procedures are not operated easily, causes to low efficiency; the legal framework of accountability still remains flaw, lacks the compelling safeguard to take; and necessary reforms isn’t arrived, lacks good accountability ecological environment. The existence of these problems make it appear more essential and urgent to advance the building of administrative accountability working mechanism.更多还原