【作者】 梁秋霞；

【导师】 黄群策；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 凝聚态物理， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 以超低能离子束（能量为30KeV的多种重离子）为诱变源，对多种番茄材料的干种子进行了注入试验，对其发芽率和田间条件下的主要农艺性状的特征特性进行了观察鉴定，采用聚丙稀酰胺凝胶电泳方法对其M₁和M₂世代幼苗期植株的过氧化物酶（POD）和酯酶（Est）同工酶的变化动态进行了分析。研究结果表明，不同种类的超低能离子束对同一番茄材料所引起的当代效应及其后代的注入损伤状况完全不同，Ar⁺处理或W⁺处理比N⁺处理所引起的当代效应更加明显。同一种类的超低能离子束对不同的番茄材料的损伤度也完全不同。经过超低能离子束处理后“河南四号”材料在当代未发生明显变异，而在M₂世代则表现出明显的个体变异。“金棚一号”番茄在当代群体内就出现变异个体，并且变异个体的特征特性在M₂世代仍然还能继续稳定遗传。 对同一番茄材料而言，同一种类的超低能离子束的不同剂量对其发芽率的变化幅度存在着很明显的生物学效应，其总的变化趋势是先升高而后略微下降，均呈现出“马鞍型”曲线的状态。在经过超低能N⁺离子处理的“河南四号”番茄的当代幼苗期群体内，60％以上单株的子叶呈现出镰刀型，所表现的刺激效应十分明显。并且，在7×10¹⁷N⁺／cm²剂量条件下在M₂世代的群体内发现5株十分突出的变异单株，它们表现出细叶型和长花瓣的特征，株型和果形已经发生明显变异，其特征特性现在已经稳定遗传到第五代。从遗传育种的角度来看，7×10¹⁷N⁺／cm²可能是比较好的离子束注入剂量。 本试验中对突变株及其亲本的花粉活力、花粉萌发率、花粉管长度进行了研究。研究结果表明，超低能氮离子束注入“河南四号”番茄的干种子后，在后代引起了比较明显的变异，突变株的花粉活力明显地低于亲本的花粉活力，前者的花粉数目也比较少，并且在温度高于32℃的条件下出现授粉不正常现象，由此说明其内部基因已经发生了一定的变异。后代稳定性试验也表明，基因的变化导致表现型的变异，突变体材料的特征特性已经表现出稳定遗传的特征。 同工酶分析的结果显示，超低能氮离子束注入“河南四号”材料后，其酶更多还原

【Abstract】 With the mutation source of ultra-low energy ion beam （different ions with 30KeV energy in different studies）, several kinds of tomato dry seeds were implanted, and then the germination percentage and the main properties of agronomy in the field were observed, the isozyme patterns of POD and Est in the M₁ and M₂ seedlings were analyzed with the method of gel electrophoresis. Results indicated that the biological effect and damage of the same kind of tomato were different after implantation with different kinds of ultra-low energy ion beam, those caused by Ar⁺ and w⁺ were more obvious than that caused by N⁺. Meanwhile, with the same ultra-low energy ion beam, the damage was different among different tomatoes. "He Nan No.4" did not varied in first generation, but happened outstanding variations in the second generation. But "Jin Peng No.1" occurred variations in M₁ generation and stably inherited in M₂ generation.With the same kind of ultra-low energy ion beam and the same kind of tomato but different implantation dosage each time, the germination percentages varied obviously, took on the graph of "the type of saddle". With "He Nan No.4" and N⁺, 60% individual plants’ cotyledon seemed the shape of hook in the colony of young seedling in M₁. Under the dosage of 7× 10¹⁷/cm² N⁺, 5 distinct mutation plants in M₂ were found. They had thin leaves, long flowers and outstanding variations in the plant shape and fruit shape. Now they had inherited stably to the 5th generation.To compare with parents, the mutation plants’ vigor of pollens, germination percentage of pollens, and length of pollen tube were investigated. The results were that the offspring of mutation plants happened obvious variation, including that the vigor of pollens was lower, the number of pollens was little, and pollination ability was not well when above 32℃.The results of the activity and strips of isozyme of the tomato seedling under several kinds of dosage were also different. The activity of treated materials increased clearly than that of the control materials, especially under the dosage of 3×10¹⁷/cm² N⁺ and 9×10¹⁷/cm² N⁺. The isozyme of Est took on the same results. The strip number of treated materials was bigger, and更多还原