【作者】 李芳；

【导师】 李占双；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 应用化学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 随着纳米材料研究的不断深入，从一维的纳米丝，二维的纳米片，到现在的三维纳米块，纳米颗粒的合成技术正在逐渐走向成熟。但是对合成的要求也越来越高，在合成过程中也出现了各种问题和不足，这些有待于解决。 本文首先介绍纳米材料的发展以及近年来常见的合成方法。近几年来，随着Cu系纳米半导体的合成以及在光电子学，催化剂，超导体等方面的应用，其合成已经引起了广泛重视。目前，低温纳米颗粒的合成是研究的重点和难点，希望能在常温和简单的工作条件下合成颗粒尺寸小且形状整齐的Cu（OH）₂，CuI，Cu₂O等纳米半导体。Yang等在用Cu₂S纳米线作为前驱物的基础上，利用Cu（OH）₂自我反应合成了新型的纳米带。我国研究者更是研究出了利用铜的有机复合物Cu（DEHP）₂在NaOH溶液中合成Cu（OH）₂纳米线的技术。Gou等在55℃的低温条件下，用CTAB作为表面活性剂得到300nm左右的Cu₂O立方块。Andreas Taubert利用离子液体法合成块状CuCl纳米结构，这些都是突破。 我们在总结前人工作的基础上，准备以Cu（I）作为染料敏化太阳能电池的电解质来研究新型纳米半导体的的低温合成。本课题的难点是合成具有特定结构，并且未见报道的纳米半导体，这也是本课题的创新点。 下面介绍一下本论文的主要研究工作： 1．进行常温下新的Cu（I）的合成实验，通过利用表面活性剂，理想的模板，或微乳液等得到特定结构的Cu（I）纳米颗粒。在不同的表面活性剂中，通过对PEI，CTAB，PEG等的调节来合成具有棒状，丝状及更复杂的三维纳米结构的CuI半导体，并取得了一定的成果。但是对于纳米颗粒尺寸的可控性始终是纳米研究的难点，目前虽然已经合成出四面体结构的CuI，但颗粒的大小却依然不能达到理想的分布。 2．本试验意外合成了纳米丝以及纳米棒的Cu₂I（OH）₃，目前这种材料及其性更多还原

【Abstract】 Nano-materials have attracted great interest for a few years due to their marve -lous characteristics that are different from those of bulk materials. Recently,synth -esis methods of one, two and three dimension were greatly improved because of their possible application in optics, electricity, and nanodevices.In this thesis, we introduced the progress of nano-material and the synthesis methods in recent years. Copper nano-material have gained widespread interests for its use in the fields of photoelectronics, catalyst, superconductor et al. But it is difficult to synthesize copper nano-particles such as Cu（OH）₂,CuI, Cu₂O with special structure at low temperature. Yang et al synthesized new nanostrip by using self-reaction of Cu（OH）₂ starting from Cu₂S nano-wires. People in China have prepared Cu（OH）₂ nano-wires in NaOH solution starting from copper complex Cu（DEHP）₂. Guo et al have got Cu₂O nano-cube of 300nm at low temperature of 55℃ using CTAB as surfactant. It’s a breakthrough CuCl nano structure prepared by Andreas Taubert in ion liquid, but few researches was focused on the syntheses process of particles.Last year, we focused on the synthesis at low temperature and the electrochemical test of the nano-materials that was used in dye-sensitized solar cells. We have prepared Cu（I） nano-particles using PEI, CTAB, PEG as surfactants. Cul semiconductor of rod-like, strip-like structure and other more complex structure were synthesized. Now we focuse primarily on experiment about results:1. We fumble new synthesis of copper nano particles at room temperature, and hope make use of surfactants to get appropriate template, or in the effect of microemulsion. We make great efforts to get a new solution phase synthesis of hi -ghly uniform and monodisperse tetrahedral CuI nanoparticles successfully.Copper（II） salts in water are reduced with KI, in the presence of a surfactant.T -he average edge length of the cubes varies from 300 to 700 nm,as a function of更多还原