【作者】 李芳；

【导师】 贾殿赠； 刘浪；

【作者基本信息】 新疆大学 ， 物理化学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 纳米结构材料因具有独特的性质以及潜在的应用前景引起了人们广泛的关注,特别是一维纳米材料以及一些特殊形貌的纳米结构材料(如六边形,纺锤形等)成为纳米材料研究领域的热点、难点。已有一些制备一维纳米材料及特殊形貌纳米结构材料的方法,但这些方法往往需要多个步骤、较高的温度、特殊的仪器、复杂的操作、苛刻的实验条件。因此,寻找一种简单方便的制备分布均匀的一维纳米材料及特殊形貌纳米材料的方法是非常必要的。在这我们引入了低热固相化学反应法,此方法是在20世纪80年代末发展起来的一种新的合成方法,经过二十多年的研究,取得了较大进展,在合成化学领域中日益受到重视,并显示了合成工艺简单,反应条件温和,节约能源,产率高,污染低等诸多优点。本论文在采用简单方便的低热固相化学反应法制备一系列一维纳米材料和零维纳米材料的基础上,通过在体系中添加无机盐,聚乙二醇等物质作模板,制备了一系列与直接发生固相反应时尺寸、形貌和分散度不同的纳米结构材料(如六边形,纺锤形等纳米结构材料)。与其它方法相比,此合成方法工艺简单,合成温度低,无需特殊的仪器,无溶剂依赖性,因而是一种较好的合成纳米结构材料的方法。全文分为以下几部分:一、以硝酸铅和碘化钾为原料,通过在体系中添加氯化钾,采用一步低热固相化学反应法制备出六边形的碘化铅纳米结构;另外,在表面活性剂PEG-600存在的条件下,以硝酸铅和碘化钾为原料,利用一步低热固相化学反应制备出分散均匀的碘化铅纳米棒的基础上,通过改变反应物,反应物的加入顺序,放置时间,表面活性剂的加入量等固相化学反应条件,探讨其对合成产物尺寸、形貌及分散度的影响。并对不同添加剂在合成碘化铅纳米结构中的机理进行研究。利用XRD、元素分析、TG、TEM和SEM对其组成、结构和形貌进行了表征。二、利用8-羟基喹啉与醋酸锌、醋酸镉、醋酸铜、氯化铝等金属盐的低热固相化学反应法合成了8-羟基喹啉镉纳米棒;无规则形状的8-羟基喹啉锌纳米结构;8-羟基喹啉锰更多还原

【Abstract】 Nanostructured materials are a focused research field due to their unusual properties and potential applications ranging from mesoscopic research to the development of nanodevices. Especially, all sorts of nanoscale materials with specific structure or interesting morphology, such as one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials and nanomaterials with almond shapes or hexagonal shapes have become the focus of materials research. These reported methods for preparing 1D nanomaterials and nanoscale materials with specific structure or interesting morphology, but these traditional synthesis methods require special conditions, including high reaction temperature , complex process control and long synthesis time. Therefore, the development of novel and convenient methods for synthesizing nanostructured materials with specific morphology is a current challenge. Here we introduce a simple and convenient methods-- low-heating solid-state chemical reaction. Since one-step chemical solid-state reaction at room temperature was firstly applied to synthesis of some kinds of nanoparticles by our laboratory in 1998, many nano-structural compounds had been prepared by this method. Many experiments show that the room-temperature solid-state chemical reaction takes its own important position in nanostudies owing not only to its adopting reactants in solid-state for handy operation without solvent pollution, but also to its mild reaction condition at room temperature for safe and economical production without need of introducing high temperature of hundreds of degrees during the whole experiment course. In this paper, a series of 1D nanomaterials and 0 D nanomaterials were prepared by simple and convenient low-heating solid-state chemical reaction methods, at the same time a series of 1D nanomaterials and nanomaterials with specific morphologies were prepared by this methods with the assistance of some surfactant, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) and salt. Compared with these reported methods, solid-state chemical reaction is a good synthetic method for nanomaterials with special更多还原