【作者】 周绪；

【导师】 刘志辉；

【作者基本信息】 新疆大学 ， 自然地理， 2006， 硕士

【副题名】以新疆鄯善南部平原区为例

【摘要】 水资源作为干旱区经济社会发展的限制性资源，其竞争性使用已诱发了各种冲突，严重影响到区域的稳定、安全与发展。本文以RS、GIS为技术平台，综合运用地统计学、生态水文学的理论基础，重点分析了干旱区地下水位降幅对天然植被退化过程的影响。这对于生态与水文交叉学科的发展以及干旱区的生态监测、防治、恢复和水资源合理分配都将具有十分重要的现实意义。 文中在总结前人工作的基础上，采用野外踏勘调查与室内分析模拟相结合的方法，通过对地统计学和GIS的集成运用获得研究区地下水位降幅数值模拟图层，将其与从遥感影像提取的天然植被覆盖信息图层嵌套，以揭示典型研究区地下水位降幅对天然植被覆盖面积数量动态变化影响。得到如下结论：(1)典型研究区天然植被大面积向绿洲群东北方向退缩，近15年间典型研究区天然植被面积减少逾50％，荒漠化面积增大；(2)地下水位降幅在0～5m之间，天然植被覆盖变化不大；天然植被覆盖变化敏感区间为5～8m；完全衰败现象出现于超过10m的降幅范围内；(3)在地下水位降幅为10～18m的区域内，由于天然植被完全衰退，导致迪坎儿乡西北方向的半固定沙丘面积增加超过1800hm~2，已出现与鄯善库姆塔格沙漠相连的趋势，半固定沙丘面积增大而将成为新的沙尘策源地，绿洲生态环境更为脆弱。 此次研究从干旱区地下水位降幅的新视角，重点分析地下水位降幅对天然植被退化过程的影响，从应用层面上，具有较强的可操作性，能快速、直观提供较大尺度的生态环境效应的监测数据。目前，该论题尚属较前沿领域，未见相同研究成果发表。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water resources as restrictively resources of economic development of the arid area, competitive use of it has caused diversified conflicts and the stabilization , security and development of the region have been serious influenced. In this dissertation, by using RS, GIS technology, synthesizing theory of Geostatistics and ecology hydrology, the effects of the depth downrange of groundwater on nature vegetation degeneration in arid area are analyzed. It is profound and significative to the intersecting development of ecology and hydrology and ecology monitoring , prevention, restart and rational using water.In this dissertation, based on the previously research, by adopting the method of field investigation combined with office analysis and simulation, RS,GIS technology as the platform of process, analysis and simulation of key data, by synthesizing theory of Geostatistics, the following results are acquired: (1) Degeneration region of nature vegetation countermarched from southwest to northeast, and its reduced area was over 50% for 15 years in the typical study area, desert coverage has expanded ;(2) In the typical study region, change area of nature vegetation is not obvious in 0 m-5m; the sensitive region is in 5 m -8m and the severe decline area over 10 m; (3) The expanded semi-settled dune area is over 1800 hm~2 in 10 m-18m and it will be a new sandy headstream. So the state of local environment has been extremely frail, and sustainable development of the study area will be met more serious challenge in the future.In this investigation, from new angle of viewpoint of the downrange of groundwater depth, its effects on nature vegetation degeneration are analyzed. In the actual application, this means can fast offer intuitionist data of ecology environment. At present, this thesis is relatively advance domain and no same research is published.更多还原