【作者】 奚秀梅；

【导师】 海米提·依米提；

【作者基本信息】 新疆大学 ， 自然地理学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 生态水文学是20世纪90年代以来兴起的一门新兴边缘学科,是描述生态格局和生态过程的水文学机制的一门科学,是研究水文过程如何影响植物分布及植物如何影响水文过程的水文学和生态学之间的交叉学科。在生态环境极其脆弱的干旱地区,水资源的科学管理至关重要。应用生态水文学的理论和方法,揭示生态格局和生态过程的水文学机制,可以为管理水资源、指导生态环境保护和建设提供科学依据。本文选取位于塔里木河中游地区的胡杨林保护区为研究区,以遥感影像和水文、气象资料数据为基础,利用遥感数据与GIS技术在地学分析中的优势,研究了胡杨林保护区内水资源及植被分布情况,并应用数理统计中回归分析的方法,建立了水资源与植被之间的回归模型。通过定性和定量相结合的研究,揭示了胡杨林保护区水资源与植被之间的关系。具体结论如下:⑴自上世纪60年代以来,本区水资源呈逐年减少的趋势;在该区,水资源年内分配极不平衡,约80%的水资源集中于夏季;在水资源管理不利的情况下,夏季该区洪水四溢,极大地浪费了宝贵的水资源。⑵保护区水资源空间分布的特点是:其西南部与东北部河网密集,湖泊、沼泽遍布,是水资源集中分布的地区。⑶本区西北部是古河床、干河道集中区,这里沙丘遍布,有大片大片枯死的胡杨和残留的红柳沙包,植被极其稀少。⑷本区植被分布的特点是:基本是以水域为中心,呈现出高盖度植被-中盖度植被-低盖度植被的景观顺序。在沼泽地带,芦苇密集繁茂;沿河、湖岸,胡杨林极其茂密;而远离水域的地区,植被稀疏,干河道附近可见残败的胡杨林和红柳沙堆;在沙丘分布地区,几乎见不到生存的植物。⑸通过数理统计分析认为:水资源与植被之间存在显著的相关关系,并建立了两者之间的回归模型,即:y=0.08204+1.8391x。本研究的特点:⑴本文针对塔里木河中游胡杨林保护区进行了地方性个例研究,将RS与GIS技术应用于生态水文学的研究中。⑵根据野外考察结果建立了信息库,使应用卫星影像图提取研究区的水资源与植被等地物的数据信息更加准确。⑶将研究区划分为30个子区,运用数理统计的方法,对水资源与植被进行了回归分析,并建立了回归模型;从定性与定量两方面研究水资源与植被分布的关系,更具有说服力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Eco-hydrology is a new interdisciplinary subject between ecology and hydrology that appears in the 1990s. It studies the hydrological mechanisms of ecological patterns and processes. It is very important to manage the water resource and keep the natural ecosystems run normally in Arid Regions. For this reason, it is significant to bring to light the hydrological mechanisms of ecological patterns and processes using these principles and methods of Ecohydrology. It would provide assistance to environmental construction in arid region.The thesis set the Tarim Populus euphraticas Conservation locating at Middle Reaches of the Tarim River as an example. Basing on the remote sensing image and hydrological data and meteorological data, using the advantages of remote sensing GIS techniques, it discusses the water resources and vegetation distribution, and the relationship of them. At the same time, it builds up the regression model between water and vegetation. The main point of views and conclusion of the dissertation are listed as follow:(1) In this area water resources have gradually reduced year by year among 1960-2001 through out analyzing the hydrological data and meteorological data. And water resources don’t shared out equally in a year, about 80% of it gathered in summer.(2) The characteristic of water distribution is: There are crowded together streams and lakes in the northwest and southeast of conservation.(3) Desert mainly distributes in the southwest of this region, and there are little vegetation and a lot of dead populus euphraticas and tamarix spps.(4) The characteristic of vegetation distribution is: On regarding water as the core, the landscape changes in intensity successively: it cover by degrees of vegetation high-in cover by degrees of vegetation with-the low to last degrees of vegetation. In swamp area, phragmites communis flourish; on riverside and lakeside, populus euphraticas thrive extremely; but更多还原