【作者】 兰丽；

【导师】 张泠；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 在各种冷热源中，利用油或天然气制冷的燃气空调在减轻电力高峰负荷需求和环境保护方面比其它空调形式具有明显优势，在新型发展的分布式能源系统中，燃气空调更是具有重要的地位，使用范围日益增大，但设备运行过程中一个突出的问题是系统运行能耗大。在影响空调系统能耗的众多因素中，系统是否优化控制是很重要的方面。当空调系统处于部分负荷时，如何通过上层控制器的优化控制管理，实时合理地给出各控制变量设定值对系统的能耗影响巨大。尤其在燃气空调水系统中，管路复杂，能耗大，若加强水系统的优化控制研究，必能开发整个空调系统的巨大节能潜力。采用模拟优化法对空调水系统进行优化控制研究的前提是要有一个能准确反映系统特性的系统模拟模型。本文建立了适用于上层优化控制的燃气空调水系统模拟模型。 要想建立燃气空调水系统模型，首先必须建立能够准确反映系统实际特性的各部件的模型。燃气空调机组、冷却塔、表冷器和水泵是整个水系统中至关重要的设备部件。本文从基本的物理、流动和传热理论出发，对单效吸收式制冷机模型进行了修改、完善和添加，建立了燃气空调机组模型；在已有研究成果的基础上，建立了冷却塔模型、表冷器模型、定流泵及变频泵模型、冷冻水循环回路及旁通模型和冷却水侧理想流体混合模型，并对冷却塔模型中需要由实验测试获得的参数，分析了参数辨识方法；同时采用设备生产商和文献提供的实验数据对各部件模型的准确性进行了验证。验证结果表明，本文所建的部件模型准确性都较高，计算简单，适用于系统模拟。 然后在已建部件模型的基础上，采用合理的简化，按照系统中质流和热流关系将部件模型进行连接，建立了燃气空调水系统模拟模型。并将燃气空调水系统视为与燃气空调机组冷(却)水流量和温度、冷却塔风速、水泵转速、送风温度等因素有关的系统，建立了一套燃气空调水系统模拟计算方法。为了验证模型的准确性，本文对某一燃气空调系统进行了试验测试。模拟数据与实测数据的比较结果表明，本文建立的系统模型响应速度快，具有一定的准确性和模拟精度，所建立的模拟方法能正确反映各受控参数变化对系统的影响，适用于燃气空调水系统上层优化控制研究。 本文工作具有一定的实际应用价值。一方面，当前越来越多大型楼宇中的BMS系统，要想实现系统层次的最优控制，就必须拥有高效的、能准确反映系统特性的系统模拟模型，本文建立的模型可用于此；另一方面，随着空调节能观念的不断深入，越来越多的楼宇需要进行节能改造，这当中尤以水系统的节能改造居多，更多还原

【Abstract】 The use of gas-fired absorption chiller is gaining popularity in the air-conditioning industry because it can relax the environment pollution and it also contributes to the reduction of electricity demand during peak cooling seasons by shifting to gas or oil, and especially is important in new distributed energy system. But the great cost during its operation became hindrance for its development. Among so many factors that affect the energy exhaust, the control issue is an important aspect. How to specify reasonable set points for each local control variable through supervisory control during part load has great influence on system energy requirement. Especially in chilled water system with complicated pipeline and many control variables, even a small improvement can cause significant reductions in energy use. The foundation of optimal control is system model and this paper developed gas-fired air-conditioner chilled water system simulation model suitable for system supervisor and optimal control.First it is necessary to develop basic component models that could accurately reflect actual characteristic of each component. Direct-fired absorption chiller, cooling tower, cooling-coil and pump are important components of chilled water system. According to basic theory of physics, flowage and heat transfer, this paper developed direct-fired absorption chiller model based on single-effect absorption chiller model. Also this paper developed cooling tower model, cooling-coil model, constant-speed pump and variable-speed pump model and the mixer model of cooling water and chilled water, based on modification, improvement and accession of relevant models. Also gave these models validation by experiment data that was supported by manufacturer or document, and the result showed that these models have relatively high accuracy without too complicated calculation, and suitable for system simulationThen according to the mass flow and energy flow among the system, the simulation model of gas-fired air-conditioner chilled water system was developed based on the former component models. And by considering that the chilled water system was influenced by the temperature and flow rate of chilled (cooling) water, air flow rate of cooling tower and temperature of supply air etc, a system simulation calculation method was developed. An actual gas-fired air-conditioner system was selected to test to validate the system simulation model. The comparison of simulation更多还原