【作者】 韩洪凌；

【导师】 李志忠；

【作者基本信息】 新疆师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2006， 硕士

【副题名】以玛纳斯河流域为例

【摘要】 天山北麓是新疆维吾尔自治区经济最发达的地区,是新疆区域发展“东联西出”全方位开放的轴心地带,是人类活动对天山北麓生态系统影响时间最长,程度最深,范围最广的区域之一。玛纳斯河为天山北麓准噶尔盆地最大的内陆河,玛纳斯河流域生态系统以天山山地和准噶尔盆地两个不同类型的亚系统组成,这两个亚系统又分别与其他流域组合成独特的生态系统。玛纳斯河流域从20世纪50年代开始进行大规模农垦,耕地面积不断扩大。近年来,玛纳斯绿洲演变主要表现为四种模式:天然绿洲-人工绿洲;荒漠-人工绿洲;人工绿洲-荒漠;天然绿洲-荒漠。其中人工绿洲演变过程强烈,人工绿洲面积不断扩大,但部分区域因耕地盐渍化、沙漠化转而弃耕,成为撂荒地,人工绿洲-荒漠、荒漠-人工绿洲的演变过程同时发生。随着城市化进程的加速,众多的人与自然环境的矛盾日益突出,引发了一系列的生态环境问题。人类活动强烈干扰自然生态环境,生态系统出现了不稳定波动,河流下游断流,土壤次生盐渍化,尾闾湖盆干涸,土壤板结肥力退化,森林资源锐减,导致超出生态安全阈值的环境退化。鉴于以上存在的问题,本文在大量文献的基础上,并对流域进行了实地考察,提出了以玛纳斯河流域为例的干旱区生态系统稳定性评价指标体系,用AHP方法将评价体系设定为3层((目标层、项目层、因子层)26个指标(地面坡度、降水强度、植被覆盖度、自然灾害强度、景观多样性指数、草地退化率、冰川退化率、森林演替速率、保护区面积比、水资源开发强度、坡度更多还原

【Abstract】 The North Slope of Tianshan Mountain is the area with the best economic conditions and the core area in the development of Xinjiang. It is the field that has been influenced by human beings the deepest in degree, the widest in area, and the longest in time. Manas river valley is the widest one in Junggar Basin, and its ecosystem is composed of two types of subsystems: mountain ecosystem and plain-desert-oasis ecosystem,both of which include several different ecosystems. Manas river valley had been developed in large scale in 1950s. In recent years, its evolution has four models: natural oasis→man-made oasis, desert→man-made oasis, natural oasis→desert,man-made oasis→desert. The area of man-made oasis becomes wider and wider with a lot of problems coming. Based on these, there was a large number of materials and researched in Manas river valley himself. Then, the paper took the Manas river valley as an example and put forward an evaluation index system of ecosystem stability in the North Slope of Tianshan Mountain. It used AHP method that has 3 layers and 26 indexes, gaining the ending index’s weight by the specialists’scoring and our computing. It did the evaluation using the present data in Manas river valley and arrived at the conclusion that Manas river valley is stable basically. The paper analyzed its forming reasons and gave some correlated suggestions for this river valley in the end.更多还原