再生水农田灌溉生态效应研究

【作者】 乔丽；

【导师】 宫辉力； 赵文吉；

【作者基本信息】 首都师范大学 ， 地图学与地理信息系统， 2006， 硕士

【副题名】以灌溉冬小麦为例

【摘要】 本研究在对北京市再生水利用现状的调查基础上，选择了利用再生水灌溉约3年的大兴区北野场灌区为研究对象，采用野外调研、现场测定指标与定点采样分析相结合的方法对所用再生水水质进行综合评定，进而确定详细的土壤环境研究指标与作物生长指标，研究再生水灌溉对土壤环境及作物产量与品质的影响，并对再生水农业灌溉进行可行性分析。 对再生水的水质分析结果表明：再生水可以不考虑重金属的含量；相对于当地地下水，其氮、磷的含量远远高出，营养物质含量较高；pH值及含盐量较高，其中，钠盐、镁盐较为突出，水质碱性较大，应考虑大量使用带来土壤盐碱性的问题。 再生水灌溉对土壤环境的影响研究表明：再生水灌区土壤中的氮磷钾含量均高于地下水灌区中的含量，再生水灌区土壤相对于地下水灌区土壤肥力有明显提高，氮磷钾在表层土壤都有不同程度的累积。再生水灌溉农田土壤早春含水量与温度高，对小麦生长极为有利。再生水灌区土层的全盐量、钠吸附比及电导大体都高于地下水灌区的含量，土壤盐分有一定程度的累积。 再生水灌溉对农作物的影响研究表明：再生水灌区小麦植株发育比较旺盛，但是种子成熟率小于地下水灌区，利用再生水灌溉可造成作物贪青、晚熟的状况；再生水灌区作物株体各部分的氮含量及磷含量累积均高于地下水灌区；与地下水灌区相比，钠含量在作物根部和果实部分没有差异，甚至在茎秆部分低于地下水灌区，而氯的含量在各部分均低于地下水灌区作物的含量，对小麦没有毒害影响。 综上所述，再生水灌溉可增加土壤肥力，让土壤盐分出现一定程度的累积，造成作物的晚熟，但并未对作物有毒性作用，本研究区的再生水农业灌溉是可行的。但再生水灌溉需建造良好的排水系统，并在灌溉过程中结合灌溉气候、土壤特性、植物种类、灌水方式及灌水时间，合理开发利用再生水，把盐分对土壤和植物的危害降到最小，否则可能导致灌区土壤盐碱化。更多还原

【Abstract】 This research is based on the investigation of Beijing reclaimed water current utilization situation, chooses the Beiyechang irrigated area in Daxing District as research object, which has utilized reclaimed water for about 3 years, using combination method of field survey and study, field test index and sample at fixed point, to give comprehensive evaluation of used reclaimed water quality and then confirm detailed soil environment research index and crop growth index, study the influence of soil environment and crop output and quality made by the reclaimed water irrigation and carry on the feasibility analysis of irrigation of agricultural land with reclaimed water.The analysis result of water quality to the reclaimed water shows that reclaimed water needn’t consider the content of heavy metal, compared with the local groundwater, its nitrogen and phosphorus’ content is far higher, the nutriment content is relatively higher. If using reasonably, it can increase soil fertility and bring increasing production. Its PH value and percentage of salt is higher, among which the sodium salt and magnesium salt are comparatively outstanding, water alkalescence is relatively heavier, which should consider much utilization bringing the soil salt alkaline problem.The research of reclaimed water irrigation influencing the soil environment indicates that the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content in reclaimed irrigation area soil is higher than the content in groundwater irrigation area, the soil fertility in reclaimed irrigation area improves more obviously than in groundwater irrigation area, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium has accumulated in various degrees in the soil of top layer. The soil moisture content and temperature in early spring is higher in reclaimed water irrigation farmland fields, which is extremely favorable to the growth of wheat. The total salt content, sodium adsorption ratio and electric conductance are all higher in reclaimed water irrigation area soil layer than in groundwater irrigation, the soil salinity has accumulated in a certain degree.The research of reclaimed water irrigation influencing the crops indicates that wheat grows relatively bloom in reclaimed water irrigation area, but seed ripe rate is smaller than the irrigated area of groundwater, and utilization of reclaimed water irrigation can cause crops unfavorably-delayed senescence and late-maturing. The nitrogen content and phosphorus更多还原