【作者】 陈秋芳；

【导师】 廖晓兰； 欧阳志云；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 农药学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 土壤微生物在生态系统中起着举足轻重的作用，其多样性是全球生物多样性的重要组成部分，可作为评价土壤质量的一项重要指标。探讨不同森林恢复方式对土壤微生物多样性的影响可为系统、客观地评价森林恢复方式的优劣以及对退化森林生态系统恢复实践提供科学依据。 本研究以南方红壤丘陵地区三种典型的森林恢复方式(即人工恢复的湿地松林、马尾松林和自然恢复的天然次生林)为研究对象，分别测定了各森林生态系统植物多样性、土壤理化性质、土壤微生物生物量碳、土壤微生物群落结构和功能多样性，以此来研究比较三种森林生态系统土壤肥力和土壤微生物多样性间的差异，以及两者之间的关系。结果如下： 湿地松林、马尾松林和天然次生林三种群落乔木、灌木和草本层的物种丰富度指数分别为：0.07、2.49、4.81；0.07、2.90、2.40；1.52、1.55、3.25，天然次生林群落演替趋向复杂，相比而言，人工林群落结构较为简单。三种群落土壤含水量和土壤容重分别为：22.17％、2.1974g/cm~3，21.71％、2.1527 g／cm~3，16.76％、2.0208 g／cm~3，结果表明天然次生林土壤具有较好的持水能力和物理孔隙度。三种森林群落全氮、速效氮、全磷、速效磷、有机碳分别为：0.64 g／kg、72.63 mg／kg、0.15 g／kg、0.58 mg／kg、8.80 g／kg，0.68 g／kg、74.14 mg／kg、0.16 g／kg、0.57 mg／kg、9.01 g／kg，0.76 g／kg、81.90 mg／kg、0.23g／kg、0.80mg／kg、9.72 g／kg，四项指标都属天然次生林最高，表明天然次生林土壤肥力优于两种人工林。 土壤微生物生物量碳属天然次生林达到最高为129.26mg／kg，其次是马尾松林含量为99.15mgC／kg，湿地松林含量最低为91.33mgC／kg。在基因芯片分析实验中，检测到杂交信号点从多到少是：天然次生林534个，马尾松林162个，湿地松林77个；以杂交信号强度平均值为基础的群落相关性等级聚类分析，天然次生林分为5个主要类群，马尾松林分为3个主要类群，湿地松林分为2个主要类群；在BIOLOG实验中，被利用培养基丰富度指数和多样性指数都属天然次生林最高，分别为64.5和4.22；其次是马尾松林，分别为：64.00和4.20；湿地松更多还原

【Abstract】 Soil microbial plays a significant role in ecosystem which is the main index to evaluate soil quality and soil microbial diversity is the important one of global diversity. Exploring the effect of forest restoration approaches on soil microbial community can provide scientific bases for systemic and impersonal assesement of forest restoration approaches and the restoration practice of degarded ecosystems.In the studies, three typical restoration approaches were studies in hilly red soil region of Southern China. They were artificial slash pine forest, artificial massion pine forest and natural secondary forest. In the studies, plant species diversity, soil physical and chemical properties, soil microbial biomass, and soil microbial community diversity were measured in the above forest ecosystems. Through the above measurements, soil fertility and soil microbial diversity of three forest ecosystems were researched. Results showed that:①The tree diversity, shrub diversity and herb diversity of artificial slash pine forest, artificial massion pine forest and natural secondary forest were 0.07、 2.49、 4.81,0.07、 2.90、 2.40,1.52、 1.55、 3.25 respectively. Compared with the two artificial forests, natural secondary forest had a complex succession tendency. Soil water content and bulk density under three forests were 22.17%, 2.1974 g/cm~3; 21.71%, 2.1527 g/cm~3; 16.76%, 2.0208 g/cm~3 respectively which indicated natural secondary forest possessed preferably soil water holding capacity and physical quality. ②Soil total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, soil organic carbon were 0.64 g/kg、 72.63 mg/kg、 0.15 g/kg、 0.58mg/kg、 8.80 g/kg、 0.68 g/kg、 74.14 mg/kg、 0.16 g/kg、 0.57mg/kg、 9.01 g/kg、0.76 g/kg、 81.90 mg/kg、 0.23g/kg、 0.80 mg/kg、 9.72 g/kg respectively. Natural secondary forest all dominated the above four indexes which indicated the soil fertility under natural secondary forest was更多还原