节点文献

六西格码管理与数理统计

Six Sigma and Mathematical Statistics

【作者】 刘飞

【导师】 濮晓龙;

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 , 概率论与数理统计, 2006, 硕士

【摘要】 六西格玛管理是20世纪80年代后期兴起的一种科学的管理方法,最初形成于美国的摩托罗拉公司。后来在GE得到实施,受到当时GE的CEO杰克·韦尔奇的高度重视。由于他在公司不遗余力的推广,六西格玛管理得以在GE从上到下的得到重视,公司因此而获得了巨大的经济效益。这使得六西格玛管理声名远播。六西格玛管理于20世纪90年代中后期在我国引起众多公司的注意,最近几年更是在我国企业界掀起了一股热潮。本文正是在这样的背景下完成的。 六西格码管理的实施主要是量化的流程式管理,大部分项目的实施都建立在数据统计和分析的基础之上,这使得六西格码管理和统计学的结合非常紧密。六西格码管理中的大部分工具来自统计学或统计思想。但是,由于六西格码管理形成的时日尚浅,许多工具并不是直接来自于统计或统计思想,而是来自于质量管理中的工具。由于六西格码管理与质量管理对产品质量和流程要求等各方面的诸多不同,直接利用质量管理中的统计工具必然会给六西格码管理的实施带来一定的限制。 我们在本文中将从统计学的角度,指出六西格码管理中工具的不足。以流程在3σ水平下使用的工具进行6σ水平下的各种操作,必然有许多不妥之处。在流程的控制方面,六西格码管理中仍然使用休哈特控制图进行监控,休哈特控制图对检测流程大的漂移效果显著,但对检测高质量流程效果很差。我们对此进行了改进,引入对监控高质量流程具有良好效果的CUSUM控制图、EWMA控制图和CCC控制图。 CUSUM、EWMA和CCC等控制图在理论上已获得了相当程度的发展,但其实际应用却并不广泛。尤其在中国,这些控制图的应用在大部分领域都是空白。作者本人在一家电信运营企业工作,在实际工作中遇到一些问题,我们尝试用六西格码管理的方式进行解决。由项目实施的实际情况出发,我们对六西格码管理的实施方式进行了改动,并应用到项目的运作中,收到良好的效益。在项目实施过程中,我们将CCC控制图应用到具体问题的解决中,取得了显著效果,这在国内电信服务行业尚属首次。 此外,本文的另外一个贡献还在于通过介绍六西格码管理、质量管理和统计学的发展沿革,阐述了它们之间的关系。并对六西格码管理和质量管理与统计学所结合产生的3σ理论的联系和区别进行了论述,这是业界人士所关心的热门话题。

【Abstract】 Six Sigma firstly actualizes in Motorola at the end of 1980s. Then, in GE, it gets much more attention from GE’s CEO Jack.Welch. Because of his great efforts, Six Sigma can be generalized from the leaders down to the operators. And the company gains giant profits. This makes Six Sigma be famous all over the world. In our country, many companies pay attention to Six Sigma at the end of 20 century, and in recent years, it set off a heat wave in Chinese companies. This paper is written under such background.Process management is the foundation of Six Sigma. Most of the projects are done through data analysis. So Six Sigma and Statistics are combined compactly, and most of the tools in Six Sigma have relation to Statistics. However, most of the tools of Six Sigma are not from Statistics directly but from Quality Management. Six Sigma is so different from Quality Management that it will take Six Sigma many problems.In this paper, We point out the disadvantages of the tools in Six Sigma according to Statistics. It will take many problems while doing projects in 6σ level with the tools in 3 σ level. In process controlling, it still uses Shewhart-charts in Six Sigma. Shewhart-charts have good effect in detecting big shift of process, but not small shift. We use CUSUM, EWMA, CCC control charts to improve such status. These control charts are all good at detecting high-quality processes.CUSUM, EWMA, CCC control charts develop well in theory, but not so good in practice, especially in China. The author is working in a company of telecom. We try to solve some problems in works by Six Sigma. Because of demands, we have improved the form of Six Sigma, do the project with the improved Six Sigma, and acquire good effect. In the process of doing the project, we apply the CCC-charts to solve problems, and achieve the goal. It’s first time in China.In this paper, we also introduce the histories of Statistics, Quality Management and Six Sigma, and expound the relations among them. Then we give the contacts and differences between Six Sigma and 3σ Theory according to theory and practice. They are two hot topics in management area and quality area.

  • 【分类号】F273;F224
  • 【被引频次】11
  • 【下载频次】866
节点文献中: