【作者】 张梅；

【导师】 范军；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2006， 硕士

【副题名】杜威民主思想研究

【摘要】 约翰·杜威(John Dewey,1859-1952)，不仅是杰出的教育学家，而且是美国最杰出的政治哲学家之一，尤其是他对于民主哲学的贡献不容忽视。本文主要研究杜威的民主思想，通过分析研究杜威民主思想的基础、主旨和特点，对杜威作出了一个客观、公正的评价。 论文共分四个部分： 第一章主要分析杜威民主思想的基础，包括历史背景和理论来源。一方面，杜威的民主思想是对当时美国的社会及文化转型的记录与反思，其宗旨就是试图适应时代要求，对美国的政治、经济、社会与文化进行全面改造，并在此基础最终实现“民主共同体”的理想。另一方面，杜威的民主思想不仅受到西方两大社会政治哲学传统的影响，而且他的思想及分析方法直接受益于黑格尔派的学说、达尔文的进化论和詹姆士的实用主义。 第二章主要分析杜威民主思想的主旨即通过建立“民主共同体”，实现“个人”权利。通过建构“新个人”和“民主共同体”这两大核心概念，杜威试图超越社会政治哲学两大传统在“个人”与“共同体”关系上的分裂，主张通过“新个人”之间的交往，建立“民主共同体”。 第三章主要分析杜威民主思想的特点即重塑性和改造性。重塑性包括重塑民主的核心观念“自由”与“平等”，以及重塑实现“自由”与“平等”的实现途径。改造性是指在改造哲学的思想的影响下，杜威进而提出改造民主的思想。杜威主张，对传统的自由主义民主予以改造。传统的民主观念把民主看作终极目标，而杜威主张将民主作为实现手段，通过改造，建立“民主共同体”。 第四章在前三章的分析基础上，笔者试图对杜威做出一个客观公正的评价。杜威的民主克服了两大民主传统二元对立的弊端，试图在“新个人”的基础上，建立真正的民主共同体，在一定程度上实现了超越，尽管这种超越并不彻底。从本质上讲，杜威是一名带有社群主义色彩的自由主义者。更多还原

【Abstract】 John Dewey(1859-1952),was not only a outstanding E.S, but also one of the most preeminent political philosopher. His contribution to democracy philosophy is especially un-ignorable. This article is mainly studying Dewey’s democratic thought. Basing on the studying of the basis, leitmotiv, characteristic of his democratic thought, this article gives a impersonal, just judge.This thesis has four charters excluding the preface and the conclusion:The first charter mainly studies the basis of Dewey’s democracy thought, including theoretic background and realistic background. On one hand, Dewey’s democracy thought was influenced by the tradition of western socio-political philosophy, furthermore, his thought and analytic methods were benefit from Hegelianism, Darwinism and James’s pragmatism. On the other hand, Dewey’s democracy thought was the register and rethinking of social and cultural transformation in temporal America. He aimed at adapting to the requirement of the age, completely reconstruct the politics, economy, society and culture , in order to carry out "democratic community " finally.The second charter mainly analyzes the leitmotiv of Dewey’s thought. That is achieve "individual" right via the construction of "democratic community" .Based on the construction of "new individual" and "democratic community", which are two coral conception, Dewey tried to surpass the abruption about the relationship of "individual" and "community "between the two socio-political philosophy tradition. He proposed to construct "democratic community" via the intercourse of "new individuals".The third charter mainly analyzes the characteristics of Dewey’s democracy thought, that is reshaption and reconstruction. Reshaption including refigure "liberty" and "equality", which are the coral conception of democracy, furthermore, Dewey also refigured the way to "liberty" and "equality". Reconstruction means influenced by the idea of reconstructing philosophy, Dewey put forward the thought of reconstructing democracy. Dewey protested reconstructing the traditional liberal democracy. According to the traditional democracy, democracy was ultimate aim, but Dewey take democracy as a kind of instrument to "democratic community".Based on the analysis of the last three charters, I would try to make a objective and just judge about Dewey. Dewey’s democracy overcome the disadvantage of the更多还原