【作者】 郭晓蓉；

【导师】 郭秀艳；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 基础心理学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 许多研究表明，人类的记忆并非是对经历过事件的精确复制，也并非想象中那样可靠。记忆不仅容易逝去，还很容易受到外界信息的干扰和误导，甚至有可能自发地产生改变。记忆的这种特征使得对错误记忆的研究成为记忆研究中不可缺少的方面。目前，这一领域受到越来越多的关注，各种研究不断涌现。本文在回顾以往相关研究的基础上，采用反义词为材料，进行了错误记忆影响因素的相关实验。以期在严格实验室控制条件下，探讨具有更高生态学效度的错误记忆。进一步理解错误记忆的发生过程，以及错误记忆和真实记忆之间的关系。 研究的核心部分包括了三个系列实验：实验一主要探讨反义词关联性能否产生错误记忆效应，并对此进行了理论上的初步探讨。实验二和实验三在此基础上，操纵分别与错误记忆或真实记忆关系更为密切的因素，进一步验证和探讨错误记忆的发生过程以及错误记忆和真实记忆之间的关系。结果某些实验假设得到了验证，但仍有些问题尚需更深入的研究和探讨。实验一比较了对反义词和无关词的错误再认，发现反义词关联性也能够产生错误记忆效应。并主要采用激活／监测双加工理论对此进行解释。实验二操纵了学习任务、预警、呈现方式。发现与错误记忆关系更密切的因素，对错误记忆产生了效应，而真实记忆不受明显影响。实验三操纵了上下文、学习遍数、先定概率。发现与真实记忆关系更密切的因素，在影响真实记忆的基础上，会进一步影响错误记忆。实验二和实验三不但进一步验证了实验一的理论解释和激活／监测双加工理论模型的合理性。同时研究结果还表明错误记忆和真实记忆在影响因素上的不同表现是受到各因素性质的影响：共变往往发生在与真实记忆关系更密切的因素上，而分离则多数发生在与错误记忆关系更密切的因素上。更多还原

【Abstract】 Our memories are not as reliable as we usually thought, and conversely they could be easily forgotten or misled by other information. Even they could be changed spontaneously only by internal associative processes. More and more recent experimental investigations have focused on the internally generated false memories and demonstrated the characteristics and the underlying mechanism of false memory effect.In this thesis, a brief history of false memory research and its present study are reviewed first. Then, three experiments are carried out to examine the false memory caused by antonym. In experiment 1, antonyms were used as experimental materials to cause false memory. In experiment 2 and 3, some factors that influenced false memory were investigated. Results of the three experiments showed the following conclusions respectively. Firstly, A false memory effect is apparent as subjects had a higher false alarm rate to nonstudied antonyms than to words that were unrelated to studied words. Moreover, the underlying mechanism of it could be explained by Activation/Monitoring Framework. Secondly, the factors in experiment 2 , having closer relationship with false memory, influenced false memory but not true memory. However, the factors in experiment 3, having more correlation with true memory, influenced both true memory and false memory. Overall, the false memory and true memory were either covariant or disassociated under different conditions. These relationships between false memory and true memory were depended on the characters of factors.更多还原