【作者】 周萍；

【导师】 毛世桢；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 “过渡语”是指方言区人在学习普通话的过程中，所形成的“一种因逐渐接近标准普通话而不断发展变化的言语系统”，它是“整个‘地方普通话’从方言到普通话逐渐过渡的集合”。随着普通话的推广和普及，越来越多的方言区人开始学习普通话。笔者发现，除了部分学习者的普通话水平可以达到标准规范的程度，绝大多数人的普通话都属于不同阶段的过渡语，带有不同程度的方言色彩。这种状态的广泛性和复杂性不仅给提高普通话教学效率带来了困难，而且对普通话水平测试中如何准确地判定方言区不同个体的实际水平而言，也是一个很大的挑战，所以做好方言区普通话过渡语的研究在现阶段具有重要的意义。国内这方面的系统研究较少，但是随着对地方普通话语音的研究越来越受到重视，有些机构和学者已经开始积极参与这一问题的探索中，另外国外的相似研究也不少，这也为本文提供了很好的经验和研究思路。 本文结合当前这种实际研究和应用的需要，以上海地区普通话过渡语为考察对象，从韵母发音偏误入手，借鉴第二语言习得研究中偏误分析和中介语研究的相关理论，采用实验语音学的方法，随机选取了80位上海地区不同普通话水平等级的应试人的应试录音和试卷作为本研究使用的语料，并将其分别对应于上海地区普通话过渡语的四个阶段，重点考察这80位处于不同阶段的应试人在测试的读单字部分的韵母发音偏误现象，通过对各阶段所有应试人的各类韵母发音偏误出现率的统计分析，展示出上海地区普通话学习者在韵母习得方面产生的偏误在过渡语各个阶段上的分布特点及趋势；再根据各阶段各韵母发音偏误率的统计结果，选取各阶段共同具有的十类主要的韵母发音偏误，分别绘制过渡语各阶段的偏误音声学元音舌位图或共振峰模式图，并与标准普通话中相应韵母的声学元音舌位图或共振峰模式图进行比较，从而展示出上海地区普通话学习者的主要韵母偏误类型在过渡语不同阶段上各自的声学特征、偏离标准音的程度和相关趋势，并从一定程度上反映了这一地区普通话学习者在韵母习得方面的能力发展轨迹，为普通话教学及培训中如何提高教学效率问题提供一定的参考依据，也为普通话水平测试各等级标准声学特征的建立，乃至为将来测试的计算机化提供了可靠的声学参数。 本论文的创新有三：一是以重要城市和经济发达地区的方言点为例，将介于该方言与标准普通话之间的过渡语划分为四个阶段，从韵母发音偏误入手，借鉴偏误分析和中介语的相关方法及理论，分阶段作普通话过渡语的研究并得出一定的规律，这是本文最主要的创新点；二是采用实验语音学的方法，以语音学理论为基础，运用计算机语音分析技术来协助研究，对普通话过渡语各阶段主要韵母偏误音的声学表现进行了定量的对比分析，为将来测试的计算机化提供了可靠的更多还原

【Abstract】 Interlanguage is a kind of language syetem, which exists from dialect to Mandarin and is developed during the progress of learning Mandarin as the second language. As more and more people from different dialectal areas start to learn Mandarin,the writer finds only a few people can speak standard Mandarin,most of them speak it with different accents.This phenomena make it difficult to improve the efficiency of teaching Mandarin and judge accurately the actual language levels of individuals from dialectal areas.Thus it is very important to have a research on the dialectal Mandarin interlanguage .As much more attention are paid to the pronunciation research for regional accented Mandarin ,some institutes and scholars are concerned with it;meanwhile,there are also a lot of related researches abroad.All of them supply us with some good method and abundant experience.In this paper, the writer mainly focuses the contrastive study on the pronunciation errors of finals between Standard Mandarin and stages of Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage. According to the degrees of PSC they have,Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage are classified into four stages as elementary ,intermediate ,intermediate-advanced and advanced.Then the phonologies of Standard Mandarin and Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage are compared in order to find out the phonological differences between these two dialects. Based on the statistical results, the writer chooses ten typical kinds of pronunciation errors of finals according to the rates of pronunciation errors of finals on stages.Then, the phonetic level analysis is made on them for the four stages respectively. Furthermore, acoustic features of vowels, diphthongs, triphthongs and vowels with nasal endings are analysized and compared by plotting vowel charts and formant patterns for them. Finally, the writer gets some preliminary results of the typical pronunciation errors of finals during the whole process of Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage and on the stages of it respectively.Three new ideas are involved in this thesis: first, comparative study of Standard Mandarin and stages of Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage respectively is rarely considered in past studies; second, a rule-based statistical method is applied on phonetic research, which is a new research thought; third, the research is based on a large phonetics samples and the results are concluded by a great deal of statistical analyses, which is a latest method in research on linguistics.Further researches will be carried out, based on much more materials, with more considerations on spontaneous speech.更多还原