【作者】 张心怡；

【导师】 刘敏； 许世远；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 环境科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 进入九十年代，土地利用／覆盖变化受到国际组织和世界各国的普遍关注，已成为当前全球环境变化研究领域的核心内容之一。寻求区域及城市人地系统的协调与均衡发展，从而最大限度地减少人类活动对各种自然景观与生态环境的影响与破坏，已经成为当前土地利用／覆盖变化研究所面临的关键问题。近年来“城市气候和环境”问题引起广泛关注，其中城市热环境是当前城市气候、环境研究的热点问题。由于土地利用／覆盖变化对环境的影响具有空间扩散性，因此研究全球土地利用／覆盖变化及其带来的环境效应应该更多地从区域范围开始——即区域个案研究。当前卫星遥感技术能有效地、周期地、动态地监测土地利用／覆盖变化情况和城市热环境的宏观变化趋势，而地理信息系统(GIS)作为一种处理、分析和应用空间数据的强有力工具，为遥感信息的有效利用提供了一个新的技术手段。故本文选择中国沿海经济高速发展的大都市——上海为典型案例区，利用多时相的Landsat TM／ETM+影像和GIS强大的空间分析功能，以格局、过程、机制和模型为中心，对上海近年来土地利用／覆盖变化情况及其热环境效应进行综合研究，以期为上海规划城市发展、保护城市环境、建设生态型城市提供依据。 论文第一章概述了国内外基于遥感和GIS的土地利用／覆盖变化及其与地面温度关系的研究进展，进而提出本文的立题意义、研究目的、技术路线和研究内容。本章最后介绍了研究区概况，重点对研究区的土地资源利用情况进行了概括总结。 论文第二章主要从遥感影像几何纠正、拼接、掩膜、增强和分类等方面对Landsat TM／ETM+影像进行预处理。为寻求更为精确的Landsat TM／ETM+遥感影像分类方法，本章对监督分类法、面向对象的分类法和基于地物光谱知识的多步骤分类法进行了比较分析。研究表明，多步骤分类法能对光谱数据进行多次有效地重组利用，分类结果总精度在80％以上，Kappa系数也均高于最低允许判别精度0.7的要求。 论文第三章利用分类后的遥感统计数据，从总体上分析了1994年至2003年上海土地利用／覆盖变化的幅度、速度、土地利用程度，揭示了上海城市土地利用／覆盖动态变化的特点及其内在规律。从自然要素的空间组合、经济的高速增长、人口的变化、政策调控等方面对土地利用／覆盖变化的驱动机制做了进一步的深更多还原

【Abstract】 Land use/cover change (LUCC) is increasingly attracting world wide attention in recently years, and has become one of essential research part of global environmental change. With the increase of urban economy and population, especially with the acceleration of urbanization process, a lot of serious urban environment problems such as urban heat island (UHI) are emerging. However, researches on urban climatology have been fewer, owing to the complexity of interactions of thermal infrared and microwave radiation with the atmosphere and urban surface. The use of remotely sensed data offers an objective and convenient method for the researches on such field. In 1990s, Shanghai enjoyed a rapid development with the each passing day and the urbanization in the suburb of Shanghai has greatly quickened, thus leading to an increasing attention to the problems of thermal environment. Research on the urban land use/cover change and its thermal environmental effect plays a significant role on monitoring urban thermal pollution, investigating the thermal source and improving the thermal environment of Shanghai city or even the whole world.In chapter one, the research background, subject significance, technical route and main context are briefly given. The general situation of research area is introduced, mainly focusing on the land resource situation.In chapter two, some pre-processes are given to the multi- temporal Landsat TM/ETM+ remote sensing image. Traditionally, land classification method is based on fieldwork, which is costly, time-consuming and difficult to organize. The development of the remote sensing and Geography Information System (GIS) provides a better way for the acquisition of urban land use information. In this chapter, multi-step-classification method for land use classification is discussed, which is proved to be more advantage over the conventional supervised classification and object-oriented method.In chapter three, the overall land use/cove change situation and characteristic in Shanghai from 1994 to 2003 is analyzed. The driving mechanism for land use/cover change, such as physical environment, economic growth, policy regulation and更多还原