论我国巨灾保险制度的建立与完善

【作者】 李军；

【导师】 周光伟；

【作者基本信息】 西南财经大学 ， 金融学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 随着社会经济的发展和人口密度的增大,财富集中度上升,巨灾发生的频率和损失程度也不断上升。早期的巨灾主要由自然灾害引起,今天,恐怖主义、卫星发射失败、核电站事故乃至像非典疫情等也成为巨灾风险的风险源。巨灾风险以其突发性和巨大破坏性直击世界保险业的软肋。巨灾在我国主要是地震和洪水等自然灾害,每年因自然灾害及重大事故造成的经济损失数以百亿元计。近十年来,洪水成为我国头号巨灾,1998年的大水灾导致了2000多亿人民币的损失,去年的淮河水灾造成的损失也达100多亿元。而国内防范像洪水、地震这样的巨灾风险的基本保险险种几乎是空白。巨灾保险市场存在着远远超过目前保险业供给能力的现实与潜在需求。目前,我国巨灾风险有效承保能力严重不足。巨灾属于小概率事件,同传统保险依赖的大数定律相矛盾。国内商业保险公司对于巨灾缺乏较为精确的评估手段和详尽的统计资料,再加上精算技术的难度,使得众多保险公司不敢轻易涉足巨灾保险市场。国内保险公司每年的巨灾赔付与巨灾导致的实际损失相差悬殊,近年来支付的灾害赔偿金与灾害所造成的经济损失的比例仅约为1比100,国家财政承担了绝大部分赔偿责任,使得国家财政作为“最终保险人”不堪重负,商业保险在管理巨灾风险方面的作用远没有发挥出来。其实,如果我国保险业抓住机会,巨灾保险不仅可以协助社会管理风险、减少损失,而且还可能成为保险业未来新的增长点。本文的目的是讨论我国巨灾保险制度建立与完善的路径,全文共分五个部分:第一部分:巨灾风险与巨灾保险概述。首先,在对国内外文献中关于巨灾风险内涵的讨论的分析上提出作者对巨灾风险的含义为:导致不同风险单位之间的损失具有相关性且使保险机制失灵的风险。这种界定突出了巨灾损失的相关性和对保更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the social economy development and population density increasing, the wealth concentration degree rise, the frequency and the loss degree of the catastrophe also unceasingly rises. The early catastrophe was mainly caused by the natural disaster, today, terrorism, the satellite launch failure, the nuclear power station accident and even like the non- standard epidemic situation and so on also become the catastrophe risk source. The catastrophe risk straight strikes the soft rib of the world insurance business by its burst characteristics and the huge destructiveness.The catastrophe in our country mainly is natural disaster such as earthquake and flood. Eevery year the natural disaster and the significant accident create economic loss totalled 10 billion Yuan. In the recent ten years, the flood becomes the top-quality catastrophe of our country,the 1998 Big Flood caused more than 200 billion Renminbi losses, the loss which last year Huaihe River flood created also amounted to more than 10 billion Yuan. But in our country guarding catastrophe risk such as the flood, the earthquake , the basic insurance is almost a blank .This article discusses the establishment and the improvement of our country catastrophe insurance system, the full text is divided into five chapters:Chapter 1: general description of the catastrophe risk and the catastrophe insurance.First, the catastrophe risk meaning is: Causes the different risk unit the loss to have the relevance and causes the insurance system failure.Next, carries on the description to the catastrophe risk type and the characteristic, summarizes the catastrophe risk characteristic for following four points: 1.the frequency of the loss is to be very low; 2.the influence scope is broad; 3, the loss degree is huge; 4.The theory of probability is not suitable for the catastrophe risk.Third, with facts and data analyze catastrophe risk in the world and更多还原