【作者】 金永花；

【导师】 尹豪；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 人口学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 韩国从1962年实施家庭计划以后,生育率迅速下降、人口结构发生了变化,随之出生人口性别比也有所升高。这主要是由于家庭计划与人工流产的普及、胎儿性别鉴定技术的发展、男性偏好思想的影响以及生育率下降等多种因素,从20世纪80年代中期开始,韩国出生人口性别比迅速上升。1981-1984年,韩国出生人口性别比基本保持在107左右,接近正常;1985-2000年间,出生人口性别比普遍高于110, 1990年达到了116.5的历史最高。韩国长期的出生人口性别比失衡带来了许多社会问题。如女性人口不断减少而最终导致出生人口减少,进而影响人口规模,并出现婚龄性别比失衡、中小学生性别比失衡等现象。进入20世纪90年代,为了解决出生人口性别比失衡问题,韩国政府颁布各种政策和法律禁止胎儿性别鉴定行为,民间团体开展宣传教育活动、媒体报道出生人口性别比失衡带来的严重后果、呼吁医疗机构自觉遵守法律等等。经过各方面的努力,到2004年,韩国出生人口性别比已经下降至108.2,趋于正常。中国和韩国都是在生育上男性偏好较强的国家,也都是从20世纪80年代起出生人口性别比迅速升高。韩国采取的维护女童权益、反对歧视女性、提高女性地位等法律和政策有效地遏制了出生人口性别比的继续上升,这些对我国有一定的借鉴意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The sex ratio at birth refers to the ratio of the total number of female infants compared to the total number of the male infant number which was born in the same period (usually a year) .It is showed with the corresponding male infant of per100 female infants. For example, if the Sex Ratio in 2000 is 117, it indicates that the corresponding number of male infants to per100 female infants is 117 in the total number of population in 2000.In the middle of 1950’s(in October,1955)It was said in the Appraising Methods of the Basic Data for General Estimate, which was published by the UN, that Sex Ratio at birth is fondness for male. Generally speaking, if there are 100 female infants, the number of male infants should be between 102 and 107,which made sure clearly the range of Sex Ratio at birth 102-107. Ever since then, Sex Ratio at birth gonging between 102 and 107 is considered to be normal, otherwise abnormal.The postwar Baby Boom caused TFR of South Korean to maintain as high as 6.3. The TFR and fertility rate of South Korea kept higher because of the popularization of modern medicine, such as antibiotics, and the rapid decrease of death rate from the latter half of 1950’s to the early of 1960’s. Therefore, South Korea government promulgated and implemented the family planning policy from 1962. But the fondness for male has seriously hindered the decrease of the fertility rate and the contraceptive popularization, and increased the difficulty of the work of family planning. In spite of this, through更多还原