论民事执行中的参与分配制度

【作者】 王宝华；

【导师】 李丽峰；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁大学 ， 诉讼法学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 “民事执行也称强制执行,是执行机构以生效民事法律文书为依据,依法运用国家公权力,采取强制性的执行措施,迫使拒不履行义务的当事人履行义务,实现生效法律文书内容的法律活动与程序”①民事执行程序重要性最为直观的体现是,当债务人拒绝履行义务时,如果没有一种强制性的机制迫使债务人履行义务,法律文书就是一纸空文。所以民事执行程序更侧重于尽快将法律文书所记载的内容变为现实,在兼顾公平的同时应突出法的效率价值。参与分配程序作为民事执行程序中的一个部分,主要解决有多个债权人同时或先后对同一债务人提出清偿请求时,对执行所得如何分配的问题。当然也不能回避对效率和公平的价值追求。多个债权人是按参与程序的先后顺序实现债权,还是处于同等受偿地位,按比例清偿债权?对此问题的不同的回答,形成了采优先原则、平等原则和折衷原则的不同国家的立法例。我国目前在财产分配领域实行的是混合原则,即在被执行人财产足以清偿全部债务时采优先原则。在财产不足应清偿全部债务时,若被执行人为企业法人,则启动破产程序;若被执行人为自然人或企业法人以外的组织时,则适用平等原则,启动参与分配程序。目前立法框架下的参与分配制度主要是弥补有限破产主义不足之权宜之计,并不成熟。由有限破产主义向一般破产主义转变是目前破产法的发展趋势。对此,我国立法也不能回避。那么一般破产主义在我国确立以后,现行立法框架下的参与分配制度已无法与破产法相协调,现行参与分配所解决的问题将由破产制度解决。但本文认为参与分配作为一种制度仍有其存在必要,故力图重构参与分配制度,并通过对参与分配制度内涵、价值、原则、构成要件及程序的分析,以及运用比较分析法对世界不同国家立法例下的参与分配制度进行比较,来论证这种重构的合理性。从而使新的参与分配制度具有自身的独立价值和更强的生命力,能够解决民事执行的相关问题,使民事执行程序更加完善。笔者认为我国参与分配制度应以优先原则为指导,并在此原则指导下进一步完善我国参与分配制度的构成要件和程序。本文主要由四个部分组成:参与分配制度的内涵和价值。内涵部分,首先介绍我国参与分配制度内涵的不同学说,包括效率优先说、债权人平等说和适当优先说。通过比较和分析笔者选择更多还原

【Abstract】 “The execution of civil procedural law also is named as the forced execution is the activities of law and procedure that the enforcement body compels the parties who refuse to perform their obligations to fulfill their duties and realizes the content of effective documents of law by taking the measures of compulsory execution. All of these rights of enforcement body comes from the public power of country and also is based on the effective documents of civil law.”①The importance of civil procedural law is when the debtor refuses to fulfill the duty, if there isn’t a compulsory mechanism to force the debtor to fulfill the duty, the legal document will mean nothing. Therefore the civil executive law stresses on how to turn the content of legal document into reality as soon as possible and pays more attention to the value of efficiency during considering the needs of fairness.As a part of civil procedural law, participate in the distribution mainly solves how to assign the executive obtaining, when many creditors request the same debtor to pay off the debt at the same time or successively. This procedure certainly can’t avoid pursuing the legal value of efficiency and fairness. Do many creditors be paid off according to the order of taking part in the procedure, at the same position, or by proportion? Regarding this question, different reply forms different legal regulation in different countries, the priority principle, the equal principle and the compromised principle. The field of our country’s property distribution implements the mixed principle, namely when the property of debtor is enough to pay off all the debt, the priority principle will be adopted. When the property of debtor is not enough to pay off all the debt, if the debtor is the business corporation, the procedure of bankruptcy will be started; if the debtor is out of the business corporation, the equal principle will be applied, and the participate in the distribution will be used.The system of participation under the frame of present legislation is the expediency of remedying the defects of bankruptcy system, so it is still not mature. The tendency of bankruptcy is from the limited one to the general one. Regarding this, our country’s legislation can’t avoid it too. Then after the general principle of bankruptcy is established更多还原