孙子兵法与行政管理

【作者】 刘亚勇；

【导师】 罗大明；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 行政管理， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 《孙子兵法》一书,是我国古代兵学的杰出代表,中国优秀传统文化的重要组成部分,其内容精博深邃,问世以来,对中国古代军事文化的形成和发展影响极其深远,被尊奉为“百世兵家之师”。同时,《孙子兵法》的基本原则和思想方法,还渗透到军事以外的社会生活领域,尤其在管理学上得到了广泛的重视和应用。军事活动就是,通过计划、组织、控制、激励和指挥等环节来协调兵力、武器和后勤资源,以期更快、更好地取得胜利(达到预定目标)的过程。因此,军事活动就包含着管理,就可以看作是一种管理活动。反之,从军事的角度来看,行政管理以至于一切管理,都类似于军事活动。一个企业、一个学校、一个行政部门都可以视为一支军队,它们争取实现自己的目标亦如军队夺取胜利,因此,兵法(军事活动的管理方法)也应当适用于这些部门。人类的一切活动当然都是有组织的活动,并且都是有目的的、自觉的活动,因此,是管理的活动。各种特定的管理活动之间都有相通之处,故此,古代的军事管理、家族的管理等等,与今天的行政管理,也都会有相通之处,它们的理论实践对于今天的行政管理学也会有借鉴的意义。在古代的一切活动中,军事活动最具有组织性,竞争最为激烈,目的性也最强。因此,在古代的各种社会管理理论和实践中,以兵法的内容最丰富,最具有普遍的理论意义和实践意义,可以上升到历史哲学、历史辩证法的高度而有哲学的意义,可以为当代行政管理学所借鉴和继承。受国内外研究的启发,本文试图探索把《孙子兵法》的一些科学思想与方法引用到行政管理中来,正如中山大学夏书章教授所主张的“洋为中用,古为今用,将中国古代思想与西方的管理学相结合,发展有中国特色的行政管理学科”。本文按照《孙子兵法》的“道、天、地、将、法”五事的结构分四章来探讨。“道”这一章,探讨行政观念的问题;“天,地”这一章,探讨行政环境的问题;“将”这一章,探讨人事行政与行政领导问题。“法”这一章,探讨行政决策与行政方法的问题。在《孙子兵法》产生的那个时代,可以说,国家的最主要的行政事务可以说就是军事行为,因此,虽《孙子兵法》一部兵书,但其蕴涵的可供行政管理借鉴的思想与方法十分丰富,本文仅就《孙子兵法》中所蕴涵的行政管理思想与方法的一些主要部分展开研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 《Suntsi’s Art of War》is the oldest military theoretic and dialectical works, a very important world famous philosophic works with principles of profound and sagacious epistemology and methodology. Since the modern times, the management science has newly developed into an important science department, which lots of department have paid attention to the Suntsi including rich ideas of management. The wave of Suntsi study has been sweeping the field of management in Europe, America and Japan. Enlighten by the study abroad with the aid of developing the excellent traditional culture of motherland, and making the past serve the present, I try to study the management ideas, especially the administrative management ideas in Suntsi.Military activities is a process which better, faster victory (or the scheduled goal) will be reached through planning, organizing, controlling, motivating and etc to harmonize forces, arms and sources. Therefore, military activities are including management, can be regarded as management activities. Then, in the aspect of military management and other management are similar to military activities. Administrative department can be looked as an army, which reach their goals as well as the army reach their victory. So military science (militant management) can be used in those departments. All the man’s activities are including organizing, with goals and consciousness. In this way, we say, all those activities are management activities. There are something in common among those certain management. And so are the ancient administration management, family management and other management nowadays. The old experience and theory are valuable to management these days. But among the ancient activities, the military activities are the management with the best organization, the heatest competition, and the strongest goals. Therefore, among the ancient experience and theories of kinds of social managements, the military science is the best one with the richest contents, with the common meaning in theories and practices, which can be promoted to the high of history philosophy and history dialectic including philosophic meanings and could be succeeded and evaluated by the management nowadays.更多还原