【作者】 张常智；

【导师】 张明海；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 野生动物保护与利用， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究采用大样方法,在研究地区完达山东部布设面积约10km~2的样方53个,调查样方面积累计达557.7 km~2,超过调查总面积5000km~2的10%,结合GPS(全球定位系统)、GIS(地利信息系统)、多元统计分析,调查了东北虎主要猎物种群(马鹿、狍子和野猪)的密度。并在此基础上初步研究了东北虎冬季生境利用。其结论如下: 研究地区马鹿的种群平均密度为0.2010±0.0270只/km~2、狍子的平均种群密度为0.4980±0.0436只/km~2、野猪的平均种群密度为0.3423±0.0275只/km~2。比较东北虎三种主要猎物在相同植被类型下密度分布表明:在针阔混交林中只有马鹿和野猪的密度差异性显著,而在其它两类植被类型中,马鹿、狍子、野猪的密度两两差异显著。同一东北虎猎物在不同生境下的分布密度比较显示:只有野猪在针阔混交林和阔叶混交林中的密度存在显著差异。相关分析表明马鹿密度和野猪密度程正相关,而马鹿密度和狍子密度、狍子密度和野猪密度则不相关。 同1989年该地区东北虎猎物种群相比:1989～2002年的13年时间内马鹿的年平均递减率为13.48%、狍子的年平均递减率为12.69%、野猪的年平均递减率为1.89%。 通过对比有痕迹组和没有活动痕迹的组别发现东北虎主要猎物密度(马鹿、狍子、野猪)、距离道路的距离、道路密度、植被类型是影响冬季东北虎生境利用的显著因子。东北虎利用的生境猎物密度较高、人为干扰较轻(距离道路的距离远,道路密度低),植被类型基本为阔叶混交林。利用猎物密度(野猪、狍、马鹿)、距离道路距离、植被类型等变量建立Logistic回归模型,通过对研究地区东北虎生境利用进行辨别表明:东北虎最适宜的利用生境面积占总面积的11.63%,次适宜生境面积占总面积的48.76%,不适宜生境面积占39.61%。更多还原

【Abstract】 Three main Amur tiger’s prey species: wild boar (5ms scrofa), red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) were investigated from January, 2002 to March,2004 in the Wandashan Mountains, which is the main Amur tiger population distribution region in northeastern China. On the basis of the stratification sampling principle, we surveyed 53 pots using big-plot sample method. The total sampling areas was 557.7 km~2, accounting for 10.34% of the total study area. With appliance of geographic information system, the global position system and multivariable statistical analysis, the population density of the main prey of Amur tiger were analyzed. Based on the population density of Amur tiger’s main prey population, the preliminary study of Amur tiger habitat use was carried our. The results of our research were as followed:1) Our research results suggested that the current distribution situation of three Amur tiger’s prey and high population densities were coincided with the high occurrence frequency situation of the Amur tiger. In addition, the highest mean population density of the three prey of Amur tiger is roe deer (0.4980 ± 0.0436 individuals /km~2). Second is wild boar (0.3423±0.0275individuals/km~2). The least is red deer (0.2010±0.0270 individuals /km~2). Compared the population density of Amur tiger’s main prey in the same vegetation type: only the density between wild and red deer is significant different in the mixed coniferous and broadleaf stands;while, in the mixed broadleaf stand and shrubs and shaw stands, the different of density between any two of the three main prey population is significant. The comparative results of the population density of the same Amur tiger’s main prey in different vegetation type show that there are significant different only in density of wild pig population between mixed coniferous and broadleaf stands and mixed broadleaf stands. Spearman Rank correlation showed positive correlations between the population density of red deer and wild boar.2) The mean annual decreasing ratio of red deer, rod deer and wild boar is 13.48%, 12.69% and 1.89% respectively in this region from 1989 to 2002.3) Compared the plots which were separated into two groups by absence and presence of Amur tiger trances observed. The density of Amur tiger’s main prey population, the distance from road, the road density and the vegetation type have a distinct effect on the habitat use of Amur tiger. Based on prey population of Amur tiger, the distance from road and the vegetation type, this research established a Logistic model, which could better discriminate Amur tiger’s . frequency of habitat use. According to this model, a raster layer was produced through the spatial analysis of GIS, which can reveal habitat suitability of Amur tiger in study area. From the result, we can know that: only 11.63% area was suitable Amur tiger habitat in study area, 39.61% area was- unsuitable Amur tiger habitat;48.76% area was slight habitat Amur tigerhabitat.Consequently, we should take some measures to protect and recover ungulate population timely in order to conserve the endangered Amur tigers’ population.更多还原