【作者】 程红；

【导师】 严善春； 迟德富；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 森林保护学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 青杨脊虎天牛（Xylotrechus rusticus L.）是杨树的危险性蛀干害虫,其成虫在主干成堆产卵,幼虫在木质部集中危害,造成杨树风折、断头、枯死。由于其独特的生物学特性,在我国自20世纪70年代末报道其危害以来,其危害程度日趋严峻,发生面积不断扩大,国家林业局于2005年将其定为国内森林植物检疫对象。现有的防治技术对青杨脊虎天牛难以奏效,亟待寻找一种新型、高效的防治方法,为此本研究对青杨脊虎天牛触角感器的类型、分布进行了系统的研究,并运用触角电位技术和“Y”型嗅觉测试了该虫对植物挥发物的电生理和行为反应,为开发出有效的生态控制方法提供理论依据。 借助扫描电镜的观察,弄清了青杨脊虎天牛触角感器的类型和分布,研究结果表明,青杨脊虎天牛触角上共有9类28种感器类型:8种锥形感器;1种凹槽钉形感器;7种刺形感器;1种芽形感器;2种剑形感器;1种齿形感器;1种钩形感器;3种指形感器;4种特殊感器。其中微叉锥形感器、粗锥形感器、耳锥形感器、头锥形感器、宽刺形感器、横刺形感器、剑形感器Ⅱ、齿形感器、具壁孔的刺形感器等9种为首次描述的感器类型。普刺形感器、普锥形感器和宽刺形感器的数量占总感器数量的95%以上,并根据感器的分布、形态特征结合已有的文献描述,推测了各感器可能存在的功能。除此之外,触角表皮上还分布着大量的表皮孔和一些特殊的表皮结构。 雌雄成虫触角感器存在性二型现象。（1）长度不同,雄虫体长小于雌虫,触角平均较雌虫长0.7mm。（2）同一类型的感器在雌雄触角上的分布模式不同。（3）不同类型的感器在雌、雄触角上的分布数量存在差异。 测定了青杨脊虎天牛雌、雄成虫对其寄主杨树中的水杨醛和非寄主植物中的R型α-蒎烯、S型α-蒎烯、S型β-蒎烯、3-蒈烯、叶绿醇、罗勒烯、香草烯、R型α-水芹烯、松节油等10种挥发性气味物质(0.1μL·μL^-1)的触角电位（EAG）反应。结果表明,与对照相比,这10种化合物多能引起成虫明显的EAG反应（P<0.01）,其中雌虫对松节油、水杨醛、R型α-蒎烯和S型α-蒎烯的EAG反应较强;除叶绿醇、水芹烯外,其它8中挥发物都能引起雄虫的明显EAG反应（P<0.01）。雌、雄成虫对液体石蜡、寄主成份水杨醛、非寄主成份R型α-蒎烯和罗勒烯的EAG反应没有显著差异（P>0.05）,对其余7种非寄主成份的EAG反应差异极显著（P<0.01）。 根据雌虫对0.1μL·μL^-1气味物质的EAG反应,进一步研究了雌虫对松节油、水杨醛、R型α-蒎烯和S型α-蒎烯这4种气味物质不同浓度的EAG反应和行为反应。结果表明,雌虫的对松节油、水杨醛和R型α-蒎烯EAG反应随气味物质浓度的增加而增加,当浓度增加到0.1μL·μL^-1以后,EAG反应值趋于平稳,对S型α-蒎烯的反应随浓度的增加而呈线性增加。水杨醛浓度低于0.01时,对雌虫没有明显的定向作用（P>0.05）,高于此浓度时表现为为驱避作用（P<0.05）;松节油在浓度低于等于0.1更多还原

【Abstract】 The grey tiger longicorn （GTL） （Xylotrechus rusticus L.） （Coleoptera: Cerambycidae） is a dangerous stem borer of popular, which adults oviposit on stem and the larvae damage concentratively in xylem, which result in wind-break and withered. Since it was reported at the end of 1970s in China, its damage extent aggravated gradually and the endanger areas extended constantly. It has been listed as domestic foresty plant quarantine object by the State Forestry Administration in 2005. Because the existing control measures have little effects on controlling the beetles, it is urgent to find new control methods with high efficiency. In this thesis, the types and distributions of the sensilla of GTL were studied systematically, and the electroantennogram （EAG） and behavioral responses of the inset to plant volatiles were detected using antennae electron technique and the "Y"-tube olfactormetry, which providing theoretical and practical basis for developping effective ecological control method.The research was carried out as follows: first, the typology, number and distribution of antenna] sensilla GTL were observed with scanning electron microscope. The results indicated that there were 9 types and 28 kinds of sensilla, comprising of eight kinds of sensilla basiconica, one kind of grooved peg sensilla, seven kinds of sensilla chaetica, one kind of sensilla gemmiformium, two kinds of sensilla ensiform, one kind of dentiform sensilla, one kind of hook shaped sensilla, three kinds of finger sensilla and four kinds of special sensilla, among which tiny-fork basiconica sensilla, stout basiconica sensilla, ear-shaped basiconica sensilla, head-shaped basiconica sensilla, wide chaetica sensilla, transverse chaetica sensilla, sensilla ensiform II, dentiform sensilla and wall pore beared chaetica sensilla were reported for the first time. General chaetica sensilla, general basiconica sensilla and wide chaetica sensilla took up 95% of all the sensilla number. The possible functions were discussed on the basis of the distribution, shape character of sensilla as well as the correlative references. In addition, numerous cuticular pores and some specific epidermic structures were found on the antennae epidermis.The antennae receptors of male and female insects were of sexually dimorphic difference: （1） In length, the body size of males was shorter than that of females, but the antennae was longer than that of females at an average of 0.7 mm. （2） The distribution pattern of the same sensilla differed in different sexes. （3） The number of different sensilla were different also.The electroantennogram （EAG） responses of females and males of the beetle to 10 kinds of volatiles (0.1 uL.uL^-1) were tested, including salicylaldehyde from poplar, the host plants, （lR）-（+）-α-pinene, （lS）-（-）-α-pinene, （1S）-（-）-p-pinene, （+）-3-carene, phytol, ocimene, |3-Myrcene, R（-）-a-Phellandrene and turpentine from non-host plants. The results showed that,most of this 10 volatiles （0.1 fiL^L’1） could evoke obvious EAG responses （P<0.01） of the adults by contrast with the control, female insects exhibited stronger EAG responses to turpentine, salicylaldehyde, （li?）-（+）-a-pinene and （15）-（-）-a-pinene. The 10 kinds of volatiles could arose significant EAG responses （PO.01） to males besides phytol and R（-）-a-Phellandrene. As a whole, the females had stronger EAG responses to 8 kinds of volatiles than the males, both adults had no significant differences （P>0.05） to paraffin, salicylaldehyde, （li?）-（+）-a-pinene and ocimene, but the rest 7 kinds of non-host volatiles had remarkable difference.The responses and behaviors of females to different doses of turpentine, salicylaldehyde, （l/?）-（+）-a-pinene and （liS）-（-）-a-pinene were further tested according to the result of EAG responses of the females to volatiles of 0.1 uL-uL’1. With the concentration increased, the EAG response of female GTL to urpentine, salicylaldehyde and （li?）-（+）-a-pinene increased accordingly and went steady at the concentration of 0.1 uL-uL’1. When the concentration of turpentine was less than or equal to 0.1 uL-uL’1, it exhibited repellent effect to females and had the best effect （P<0.01）at 0.1 \iL-\iL^\ whereas, it showed lure effect （P>0.05） at 0.2 \iL-\tL’1. As to salicylaldehyde, when lower than O.OluL-uL"1, there was no obvious directional action （F>0.05）, higher than that concentration exhibited repellent action （PO.05）. The females showed no distinct directional behavioral trend to （l^）-（+）-a-pinene and （15）-（-）-a-pinene.更多还原