【作者】 冯艳；

【导师】 张晶；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 Sperber和Wilson提出的关联理论引起了西方语言学界、尤其语用学界的强烈关注。现在其影响已远远超出了语用学领域,翻译是受其影响最大的学科之一,关联理论可以为翻译研究提供科学的语用学分析方法。关联理论的核心概念是关联,认为最佳关联是人们遵循的交际原则。虽然该理论不是针对翻译提出的,但它对翻译具有很大的解释力。本文试图将关联理论应用于文学翻译,并将最佳关联作为文学翻译的最终目标。本文旨在探索文学翻译理论与实践中的三个问题:对等问题,可译性问题以及译者风格问题,并指出这些问题在关联理论框架内如何得到简洁、充分的解释。为了更好的说明关联理论在文学翻译实践中的应用,作者从小说苔丝的三种译本中收集了一些典型的例子,并对其进行了详尽的分析。 关联理论提出语言交际是一个认知过程,必须依靠推理思维来进行,并建立了颇具解释力的关联原则。关联理论指出话语交际是明示-推理的过程,交际的目的是求得最佳关联,获得交际者意图的语境效果。听话人对交际者的交际意图的推理和理解必须满足以下两个条件:(1)推理所得结论既不耗费不必要的努力;(2)又能够产生足够的语境效果。为了交际成功和取得一定的交际效果就要根据目的进行合理的阐释,它不仅涉及语码,而且更重要的是依据动态的语境进行动态的推理,而推理所依据的就是关联性。关联理论的重要概念,如认知语境是交际的基础,关联性,乃至最佳关联性是交际的指导原则,使人们开始以新的认知和语用角度来看待翻译。 翻译是一种跨文化的交际方式,关联理论这一指导交际的认知语用学理论对翻译极富解释力。在关联理论的框架内,翻译是一个对原语进行阐释的动态明示--推理过程。首先,译者要正确理解原语作者的意图,就要在接受原语信息的过程中通过语境来寻找信息的关联,寻找关联的过程是一个认知与推理的过程。之后,译者结合原交际意图和目标读者的期望,再根据关联性原则决定阐释什么和如何阐释。关联理论的翻译观对翻译问题的解释是动态的,辨证的,它抓住了翻译的本质,对翻译实践有着积极的指导意义。 关联理论是语用学研究中出现的一个新理论,虽然它不是针对翻译提出的,但却能够有效地解释翻译这一复杂的语言现象。像所有对翻译研究有借鉴意义的理论一样,关联理论也并非完美,虽然它不能覆盖所有的翻译理论、囊括所有的翻译事实,但却为翻译研究提供了一个崭新的视角。对该方面的重视和探讨将有助于翻译研究工作的进一步深入和扩展,我们可继续沿其开创的道路走下去。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a new cognitive pragmatic theory, relevance theory greatly influences western pragmatics. Nowadays, its research has been beyond the field of pragmatics, and translation is one of the disciplines significantly influenced. Relevance theory provides the translation studies with a pragmatic perspective. Relevance theory, though not meant for translation but proposed as a foundation for cognitive science, is powerful in accounting for translation. This thesis attempts to apply the relevance theory to literary translation, and the optimal relevance is to be considered as the guideline for translation. And this thesis aims at exploring three issues of translation theory and practice: equivalence, translatability, and the translator’s style, and exploring how to explain them from a relevance-theoretic framework. In order to explain the application of the relevance theory in literary translation, the author of the present thesis has selected some typical examples from three translated versions of the novel Tess of the D’Urbervilles for specific analysis.According to the relevance theory, language communication is a cognitive process, which must be carried on by inference. Besides, Sperber and Wilson propose relevance principles with great interpretive effects. Relevance theory shifts the key point of pragmatics from utterance production to utterance understanding and points out that language communication is an ostensive-inferential process. The success of communication depends on two conditions: (1) manifestness, and (2) relevance. The goal of human communication is not the maximal relevance, but the optimal relevance. The audience expects to obtain adequate contextual effects with minimal processing effort. The central concepts included in the relevance theory, such as cognitive environment, cognitive efforts, and contextual effect, are introduced to account for the translation phenomena.Translation is a kind of cross-cultural communication. Relevance theory, being a cognitive pragmatic theory guiding communication, has most powerful explanatory power for translation. Under the framework of relevance theory (RT), translation can be defined as a dynamic process and act of ostensive-inferential verbal (intralingual or interlingual) interpretation of language. First, in order to comprehend the original author’s communicative intentions correctly, the translator has to search for relevance of information through context during the course of receiving the source language information. The process of searching for relevance is the process of cognition and inference. And then, combining the communicative intentions and the target reader’s expectation, the translator has to decide what to interpret and how to interpret basing on the principle of relevance. Under the framework of RT, the explanation to translation is dynamic and dialectical. It can seize the nature of translation and has positive significance in guiding translation Practice.Relevance theory is a new theory emerged in the study of pragmatics. Relevance theory is not intended for translation, but it is powerful to account for translation phenomena. Like anyother theories which can guide translation studies, relevance theory is also not perfect. Though it cannot cover all the translation theories and explain all the translation facts, it provides a new perspective for translation studies. Paying much attention to this aspect will be helpful for the further study of translation. Indeed, we can go along the path that relevance theory has paved for us, in the hope of seeking a better way to explore translation.更多还原