【作者】 孟琳；

【导师】 赵雨森；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 水土保持与荒漠化防治， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以科尔沁沙地东部赤峰市巴林右旗的灌木防风固沙沙障为研究对象,分别设置羊柴网格、黄柳+羊柴网格、沙蒿网格、锦鸡儿+沙蒿条带和锦鸡儿+羊柴斑块5种不同类型的植物沙障样地,研究其环境改善方面的效益。同时选取流动沙地作为对照。于2005年5月上旬至9月下旬,采用野外定位观测方式,研究植物沙障对小气候、地温、土壤含水量、植被恢复和枯落物生物量等方面的改良作用,并采用SPSS13.0软件进行主成分分析,比较不同类型植物沙障的环境改善作用。 据此得出以下结果:1) 植物沙障对风速、气温、大气湿度和地温等小气候因子有改善作用,但没有达到显著程度。2) 土壤含水量随深度变化差异不显著,但各类型植物沙障之间差异十分显著。降水对土壤含水量的影响主要集中在0-40cm土层,其他层次变化不大。各类型植物沙障内土壤容重、孔隙度、饱和持水量和最大田间持水量差异显著。pH值、全N、全P、全K、水解性N、速效P、速效K和有机质含量等方面化学性质在各植物沙障之间差异较为显著。3) 植物沙障的营建有利于天然植被恢复,物种数、多样性指数有所增加,而优势度有所降低。从生活型角度来看一、二年生草本和多年生植物交替占据优势地位;从科属组成来看藜科植物首先占优,其后禾本科植物和菊科植物逐渐兴盛,最后恢复到以豆科植物为主。4) 人工灌木和天然草本植物争夺水分,由于水分限制出现自然稀疏现象。人工灌木固沙体系向天然草本为主灌木为辅的体系演变。5) 羊柴网格、黄柳+羊柴网格和锦鸡儿+沙蒿条带3种类型植物沙障内枯落物空间异质性较好,沙蒿和锦鸡儿+羊柴两种类型可能存在测量尺度以下的空间异质性。6) 主成分分析结果显示,综合比较不同类型植物沙障对小气候因子改善、土壤理化性质改良和植被恢复促进方面的作用,沙蒿、锦鸡+羊柴和锦鸡+沙蒿三种类型可以较好的起到环境改善作用,而黄柳+羊柴和羊柴两种类型的效益较差。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on placing five different kinds of shrub checkerboard in Balinyou district of Chifeng city east of Horqin sandy land, the effect of reducing wind and stabilizing sand has been studied and compared with floating sand. From May to September in 2005, a series of field investigation and experiments have been carried out in trial sites to study the improved effect of plant sand barriers on microclimate change, soil temperature, soil moisture, vegetation rehabilitation and litter mass, and the meliorative effect of all kinds of plant sand barriers has been analyzed and compared by utilizing principal component analysis (PCA) of SPSS.The results show that: 1) the checkerboard has a positive effect on microclimate factors, such as wind speed, air temperature, atmosphere humidity and soil temperature, but not obvious. 2) Soil moisture does not change obviously with soil depth, but which does dramatically with different kinds of checkerboards. Rainfall mainly concentrates on 40cm depth soil underneath the ground. Among different checkerboards, the difference of soil physical-chemical properties are notable, including the soil bulk density, porosity, the saturation moisture capacity of the soil and water holding capacity, pH value, organism, N, P and K. 3) The construction of checkerboard will increase the species composition, diversity index, be beneficial for vegetation rehabilitation and decrease the superiority at the same time. On the view of life form, annual-biennal vegetation and perennial vegetation take the predominance alternately. On the view of species composition, Chenopodium album is dominant firstly, then gramineous and feverfew, finally legumina. 4) Artificial shrub and herbaceous vegetation, become sparsely automatically because of the competition of water, and artificial shrub sand fixation system evolves into the natural herbaceous-dominant ecosystem. 5) Three kinds of checkerboard, including Hedysarum mongolicum, Hedysarum mongolicum+ Salix gordejevii and Caragana microphylla, have obvious spatial variability, others may have the spatial variability less measurement scale. 6) Compared with the microclimate factors, soil physical -chemical properties and the effect of vegetation rehabilitation by using principal component analysis (PCA), the checkerboards of Artemisia halodendron Caragana microphylla+Hedysarum mongolicum and Artemisia halodendron+ Caragana microphylla have more efficient influence on reducing wind and stabilizing sand than Salix gordejevii+ Hedysarum mongolicum and Hedysarum mongolicum.更多还原