【作者】 王春海；

【导师】 周玉华；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 环境与资源保护法学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 环境权是以环境危机为背景而产生和发展起来的一项权利,它源于人类对自己和环境关系的重新认识。自1972年,《人类环境宣言》于斯德哥尔摩召开的联合国人类环境会议上通过以来,环境权作为又一项新的基本人权,已经在世界范围内被普遍接受。同时,由于环境民主理念的兴起和人们权利意识的觉醒,环境权问题也在理论研究方面和立法上得到了不同程度的体现。如我国现行《环境保护法》第6条规定:“一切单位和个人都有保护环境的义务,并有权对污染和破坏环境的单位和个人进行检举和控告”。某些地方性的法律,如《上海市环境保护条例》中更加明确地指出:“公民有享受良好环境的权利和保护环境的义务”。但是,即便如此,与一些国家在宪法中创设环境权相比,我国在立法上明显处于滞后状态,而在理论研究上更是由于人们对环境权生成问题的错误理解以及定位上的不准确,形成了环境权与其它环境权利(力)的混淆与错位,特别是关于环境权的救济则鲜有论及,从而导致环境权的救济在司法实践中难以实现,并且造成了该权利在运行中的困难。 鉴于此,环境权作为一种新型的基本权利,理应得到多重保护,尤其是私法上的救济。本文正是在这样的背景下,对环境权基本理论研究进行了尝试,分析了环境权的概念、内容和性质,揭示了环境权私法救济的法理基础,并以法国、德国、日本、美国为重点,综述了各国有关环境权私法救济的学说、判例和立法,归纳其进步、科学的方面以资借鉴。在此基础上,笔者论证了环境权侵权损害的私法救济体系,在分析借鉴现有研究成果的基础上,重点研究了损害赔偿和排除侵害两种主要救济方式及其实践中的具体问题。最后,笔者从几个方面提出了一些粗浅的建议,以引起学术界和实践部门的重视,为我国的环境立法尽一点绵薄之力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Right to environment originates from the recognition of the relationship between human beings and environment, which generates and develops based on environment crisis. As a kind of new basic human right, right to environment has been widely accepted in the worldwide after passing Declaration of Human Environment in the United Nations Human Environment Conference held in Stockholm in 1972. As a result of the emergence of environment democracy concept and human rights consciousness, the problems of right to environment have been embodied to different extent in the aspects of theoretical research and legislation. For instance, the law of Environment Protection in our country has regulated in the sixth item as follows: all the departments and individuals have the obligations of protecting environment, and have the rights of accusing and complaining any department or individual who pollutes and destroys environment. Some endemic laws such as Shanghai Environment Protection Rules has further pointed out that citizens have the rights of enjoying good environment and obligation of protecting environment. But even so, the legislation in our country is still in the delayed state comparing with the other countries that have established right to environment in constitution. And in the aspect of theoretical research, right to environment and other rights are confused for the misunderstanding of generation of right to environment and inaccurate orientation. Especially, the relief of right to environment is rarely mentioned, which fail to result in the implementation of right to environment relief in the jurisdiction practice and bring difficulties to the actual operation.Therefore, as a kind of new basic human right, right to environment should receive more protection, especially about the relief of private law. In the thesis, the basic theory of right to environment is reviewed, the concepts, contents and properties of right to environment are analyzed, and the law fundament of private law relief of right to environment is revealed. The author also summarizes the theories, legal precedents and a series of legislation about the private law relief of right to environment in different countries such as France, Germany, Japan and America. From the cases, we may use their successful experience for reference in terms of their advanced and scientific respects. On the basis of the above analysis, the author discusses the system of the private law relief of right to environment. By analyzing and studying the present research achievements, the author mainly explores how to carry out such two relief methods as compensation for damage and exclusion of damage, and how to solve their problems in practice. Finally, the author puts forward some suggestions in several aspects in order to do some good for environmental legislation in our country.更多还原