【作者】 尹丽丽；

【导师】 关强； 詹长书； 李志鹏；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 载运工具运用工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 随着科学技术的不断发展,测量仪器的现代化研究取得了日新月异的成果,此时人们对测量仪器的质量和功能也提出了更高的要求。目前,国内外在单株立木直径测量过程中,主要使用的还是需人工读取和记录测量数据的测径围尺或轮尺等树木测量工具。由于树木的直径信息是进行树种生长特征分析、树径生长动态变化研究及树木材积调查中的重要基础信息,因此对实现树径信息自动读取和记录仪器的研究具有重要意义。 本课题开发的定高树径测量仪是一种专用于测量树木直径的仪器,该仪器具有操作简单、测量精度高、一次作业存储数量大等特点。仪器的开发目的是为了摆脱纸和笔,利用光电技术实现林场单株树木直径信息的自动读取、记录和统计。 定高树径测量仪的研究以单片机为开发平台,利用超声波测距技术、条形码识别技术、串口通讯技术等高新技术,实现在树干1.30m～1.40m处测量单株立木的胸径。在PC(Personal Computer)机中开发的树径测量管理系统,提高了对测量数据的统计和分析的效率。野外测量作业完成后,可将仪器通过串口与PC机相连,把仪器中存储的测量数据发送到PC机的数据库中,操作人员可通过树径测量管理系统的可视化访问界面对测量数据进行管理和查询等操作。 定高树径测量仪通过液晶显示器向操作人员实时显示明确的文字提示信息和测量结果。操作人员可根据实际需要,按提示信息进行功能选择,使测量仪完成测距定高、接收数据、发送数据、存储数据、删除数据、树木种类选择及复位等功能,操作简单,且系统具有较高的稳定性。 测量仪的硬件设计以AT89C52单片机控制系统为核心,实现测距模块、条形码数据识别模块、液晶显示模块等模块化系统设计,使系统结构简单化。本文从硬件和软件两个方面详细分析了定高树径测量仪的设计思路和设计内容,并对PC机中树径测量管理系统的开发进行了介绍。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with development of scientific technique, the measuring equipment modernized research has yielded the result changing with each new day, people also set a higher request to the measuring equipment’s quality and function. Presently in standing tree’s diameter measuring process, the main tools are tape meter or caliper, which need manpower to read and record measure data. As tree’s diameter is important basal information in growth characteristic or dynamic change analysis of standing trees and trees’ timber volume investigation, therefore the research of tools can realize and record trees’ diameter automatically has vital significance.Tree’s Fixed High Diameter Measuring Apparatus in this thesis is one kind trees’ diameter measuring tool. The apparatus has characteristics of operation simply, high measuring accuracy, big memory quantity once work and so on. The apparatus’ development goal is to help people get grid of paper and pens, using photo-electricity technology to realize, record and statistic the trees’ diameter information automatically in tree farm.The apparatus’ research is on the base of monolithic integrated circuit, it utilizes many kinds of high-tech such as ultrasonic ranging technology, bar code recognition technology, and serial port communication technology to measure the standing tree’s diameter at breast height about 1.30m~1.40m. Tree diameter survey management system in PC (Personal Computer), improving the efficiency of statistics and analysis stored data. After the fieldwork, connecting the apparatus to the PC via serial port, and sending the stored date into the database. Then operators can precede date management and query through the visual interface in tree diameter survey management system.Operators could get clear visual words operating information and measuring result on the apparatus’s LCD (Liquid Crystal Display). Depend on the actual need, operators can select the function according to the words information showed on LCD. Then the apparatus will implement the function of ranging fixed high, receiving data, storing data, deleting data, selecting tree’s kind, and restoration. The operation is simple and has high stability.AT89C52 monolithic integrated circuit control system is the core of the apparatus’ hardware system. In order to simplify the system’s organization, ranging module, bar code recognition module and LCD module are adopted for modular design. This article mainly from hardware and software two aspects to analysis the design mentality and content of Tree’s Fixed High Diameter Measuring Apparatus, and introduce the development of Tree diameter survey management system in the PC.更多还原