城市污染河流水污染控制技术研究

【作者】 邓柳；

【导师】 胡开林；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 环境工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国经济的快速发展和城市化进程加速,我国城市区域内的河流段河水污染问题愈来愈严重,其河水水质污染状况加剧,河流环境恶化,河流生态平衡已逐渐失去。城市污染河流的水污染加剧状况直接影响着河流周围的城市环境、城市社会经济的发展。因此,城市河流治理,尤其是城市河流内水污染治理刻不容缓。 现提出“城市污染河流”的概念:城市污染河流即在城市周围并水质受到污染,且水质指标低于城市国家地面水水质Ⅵ类的城市河流段。 由于河流水污染情况复杂,河流内水质治理技术的研究较少,缺乏针对河道内水质净化方面的研究,目前城市污染河流的治理,一般均处于就河流的水利、水文方面的治理。 本文阐述了河流的环境要素和生态系统结构,并探讨受污染河流的自净机制。在分析了城市河流受污染的原因后,总结污染河流水质净化与生态恢复等各种河流水污染控制技术的国内外研究进展,并对各种技术的特点及对不同类型河流的适用性进行了剖析。 经过评述,重点探讨了微生物修复技术的原理和优缺点,以及在我国城市污染河流中运用此技术的可行性。 同时提出对城市污染河流采用以生物—生态修复为主的综合水污染控制方法,设计了城市污染河流综合污染控制技术集成方案。 为了寻找治理城市污染河流内水质净化技术,进行了西坝河生物修复工程性试验。西坝河,位于昆明市,是汇入滇池的22条河流之一,属典型的城市污染河流。试验采用微生物水处理剂—液可清（ACF32）对西坝河下游进行生物修复。结果表明,液可清（ACF32）能去除嗅味,对有机物、浊度去除率较高,BOD₅、COD、TN、TP、浊度的去除率分别为33%～58%、13%～48%、5%～42%、12%～46%、24%～90%,可促进污染水体向良性生态区系演替,使水体基本恢复至洁净状态,初步证明了以生物—生态修复为主的综合污染控制方法在城市污染河流治理中可行性和经济性,将为我国城市污染河流的治理提供有益参考。 本论文的目的在于,总结国内外在河流污染治理和生态恢复方面的研究和实际经验,通过对河流水污染控制技术的研究,力求寻找到经济、节能、高效,同时又符合更多还原

【Abstract】 With fast development of our country economy and acceleration of urbanization, the river contamination in our country cities is increasingly serious. The river water has seriously, the rivers environment has worsen, the rivers ecological equilibrium has gradually lost. The serious polluted status has directly affected urban enviroument around the rivers and development of city economy. Therefore, it is particular urgently to treat with the city river, especial to take water processing in the city river.In the city surrounding, river has been polluted, and the quality index of its water is lower than the national surface water IV standard, which is defined as "The city polluted rivers".Because complex situation of river water pollution and less research on government technology in river, it lacks research on water quality purification directly in riverway. At present, the treatment of polluted city river is generally focus water conservancy and hydrology.This paper has studied essential environment factor and the ecosystem structure of the rivers, and has discussed the merchanism of self-purification in city polluted rivers. After analyzed the reason that city rivers have been polluted, I summarizes the domestic and foreign research progress on each kind of polluted rivers water pollution control technology such as water quality purification and the ecology restores and so on. Has analyzed that characteristics of each kind of technical and serviceable to different types of rivers.After narration, this paper has discussed the strongpoint or disadvantage of microorganism repair technology emphatically, as well as on the feasibility to utilize this technology in our polluted city rivers.At the same time, paper proposed to use comprehensive water pollution control method with biological-ecology repair primarily to the polluted city rivers, and designed integration plan of synthesis contamination control technology on the polluted city rivers.In order to seek technologis of water qualitity purification in the polluted city river, we have carried on the project experiment revitalization of Xiba River. The Xiba River locates Kunming City, is one of 22 rivers which inpour to Dian Chi Lake, it has polluted severely. Experiment is carried out bioremediation on the downstream segment of Xiba River by the Aqua Clean ACF32. The result showed that the Aqua Clean ACF32 can do away with the odors, reduce the organic pollutant and turbidity with the higher rate, BOD5, COD, TN, TP, turbidity clearance respectively is 33% ~ 58%, 13% - 48%, 5% - 42%, 12% ~ 46%, 24% ~ 90%. It can promote polluted water body to evolve toward the positive ecosystem, make water body revitalized. The experiment had initially proven the feasibility and the efficiency of synthesis contamination control method with the biological-ecology repair primarily. It provides the beneficial reference for treatment on our polluted city rivers.Hie research goal of present paper lies in: summarizes the research and the practical experience of treatment and the ecology restores on polluted rivers from domestic or external. Through to the research on rivers water pollution control technology, makes every effort to seek to the polluted city rivers water pollution control method with economical, energy conservation, high-powered characteristic and conforms to the ecology protection request simultaneously.更多还原